FAMILY Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802:46 [as Scorpionides; ICZN recognizes Leach 1814; 12 genera] [=Centrurides C. L. Koch, 1837:38] [=Pandinidae Thorell, 1876a:11] [as Pandinoidae] SUBFAMILY Scorpioninae Latreille, 1802:46 [=Heterometridae Simon, 1879:92] GENUS Mioscorpio Kjellesvig-Waering, 1986:239 [type is zeuneriFossil] SPECIES Mioscorpio zeuneri (Hadzi, 1931):134 [Fossil; u.Mio.; Germany] [=Scorpio zeuneri Hadzi, 1931] GENUS Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758:624 [type is maurus] SPECIES Scorpio terrestris Güldenstädt, 1834:112 [nomen nudum] SPECIES Scorpio europaeus Linnaeus, 1758 [suppressed ICZN Direction 60 (1957)] SPECIES Scorpio maurus Linnaeus, 1758:624 [type; n.Afr.+Iraq+Yemen] SUBSPECIES Scorpio maurus Linnaeus, 1758:624 [type; Algeria+Morocco+Tunisia] [=testaceus C. L. Koch, 1838b:3] SUBSPECIES Scorpio arabicus (Pocock, 1900a):363 [Arabia] [=Heterometrus arabicus Pocock, 1900a] SUBSPECIES Scorpio behringsi Schenkel, 1949:193 [Morocco] SUBSPECIES Scorpio birulai Fet, 1997b:249 [Morocco] [=subtypicus Birula, 1910:151] [praeocc. Kraepelin 1894] SUBSPECIES Scorpio fuliginosus (Pallary, 1928):346 [Morocco] [=Heterometrus fuliginosus Pallary, 1928] SUBSPECIES Scorpio fuscus (Ehrenberg, 1829):352 [in subgenus Heterometrus; as subspecies of palmatus; swAsia] [=Buthus fuscus Ehrenberg, in Hemprich & Ehrenberg 1829] [=minor Simon, 1872a:258] [as a variety of palmatus] [=berytensis Simon, 1884b:192] [as a variety of maurus] SUBSPECIES Scorpio hesperus Birula, 1910:148 [Morocco] SUBSPECIES Scorpio kruglovi Birula, 1910:180 [SaudiArabia+Iran] SUBSPECIES Scorpio legionis Werner, 1932b:289 [Morocco] SUBSPECIES Scorpio mogadorensis Birula, 1910:147 [as magadorensis; Morocco] SUBSPECIES Scorpio occidentalis Werner, 1936a:184 [Mauritania+Senegal] SUBSPECIES Scorpio palmatus (Ehrenberg, 1828):pl.I,fig.1 [in subgenus Heterometrus; n.Afr.+Jordan] [=Buthus palmatus Ehrenberg, in Hemprich & Ehrenberg 1828] [=flavus Ehrenberg, 1829:352] [in subgenus Heterometrus; as subspecies of palmatus] [=rufus Ehrenberg, 1829:352] [in subgenus Heterometrus; as subspecies of palmatus] SUBSPECIES Scorpio propinquus (Simon, 1872a):259 [fuscus?; Syria] [=Heterometrus propinquus Simon, 1872a] SUBSPECIES Scorpio punicus Fet, 2000:479 [neAfr.] [=tunetanus Birula, 1910:161] [as subspecies of maurus; praeocc. Herbst 1800] SUBSPECIES Scorpio stemmleri Schenkel, 1949:194 [Morocco] SUBSPECIES Scorpio townsendi (Pocock, 1900a):364 [Iran] [=Heterometrus townsendi Pocock, 1900a] SUBSPECIES Scorpio trarasensis Bouisset & Larrouy, 1962:316 [Algeria] SUBSPECIES Scorpio weidholzi Werner, 1929a:32 [Morocco] SUBSPECIES Scorpio yemenensis Werner, 1936a:183 [Yemen] GENUS Heterometrus Ehrenberg, in Hemprich & Ehrenberg 1828:pl.I,fig.1 [as subgenus of Buthus; type is spinifer] [=Centrurus Ehrenberg, 1829:350] [type is galbineus=longimanus] [=Palamnaeus Thorell, 1876a:13] [type is petersii; syn. Karsch 1879a:20] [=Caucon Karsch, 1879a:14] [type is galbineus=longimanus; syn. Kraepelin 1894:34] SUBGENUS Heterometrus Ehrenberg, in Hemprich & Ehrenberg 1828:pl.I,fig.1 [as subgenus of Buthus; type is spinifer] SPECIES Heterometrus bengalensis (C. L. Koch, 1841b):3 [India+Myanmar] [=Buthus bengalensis C. L. Koch, 1841b] [=Palamnaeus glaucus Thorell, 1876b:219] [as the gamma variety of costimanus] [=Palamnaeus thorellii Pocock, 1892:40] SPECIES Heterometrus keralaensis Tikader & Bastawade, 1983:528 [India] SPECIES Heterometrus laoticus Couzijn, 1981:94 [Cambodia+Laos+Thailand+Vietnam] SPECIES Heterometrus liophysa (Thorell, 1888):338 [Sumatra] [=Palamnaeus liophysa Thorell, 1888] [=Heterometrus laevifrons Roewer, 1943:228] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus liophysa (Thorell, 1888):338 [Sumatra] [=Palamnaeus liophysa Thorell, 1888] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus laevifrons Roewer, 1943:228 [Indonesia] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus separatus Couzijn, 1981:115 [Indonesia] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus spartanicus Couzijn, 1981:115 [Indonesia] SPECIES Heterometrus longimanus (Herbst, 1800):42 [seAsia] [=Scorpio longimanus Herbst, 1800] [=Buthus costimanus C. L. Koch, 1837b:27] [=Centrurus galbineus C. L. Koch, 1838a:110] [=Palamnaeus angustimanus Thorell, 1876b:211] [=Pandinus humilis Simon, 1877a:94] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus longimanus (Herbst, 1800):42 [Sumatra] [=Scorpio longimanus Herbst, 1800] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus angustimanus (Thorell, 1876a):211 [Java] [=Palamnaeus angustimanus Thorell, 1876a] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus belitungensis Couzijn, 1981:105 [Indonesia] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus bengkalitensis Couzijn, 1981:106 [Indonesia] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus borneensis (Thorell, 1876a):217 [as beta variety of costimanus; Borneo] [=Palamnaeus borneensis Thorell, 1876a] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus humilis (Simon, 1877a):94 [Philippines] [=Pandinus humilis Simon, 1877a] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus marmoratus Couzijn, 1981:109 [Philippines] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus paris Couzijn, 1981:106 [Indonesia] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus tarawakensis Couzijn, 1981:108 [Philippines] SPECIES Heterometrus madoerensis Kopstein, 1921:132 [as variety of liophysa; Indonesia] SPECIES Heterometrus malapuramensis Tikader & Bastawade, 1983:533 [India] SPECIES Heterometrus petersii (Thorell, 1876a):13 [Cambodia+Laos+Philippines+Vietnam] [=Palamnaeus petersii Thorell, 1876a] [=Palamnaeus silenus Simon, 1884:361] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus petersii (Thorell, 1876a):13 [Cambodia+Laos+Vietnam] [=Palamnaeus petersii Thorell, 1876a] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus mindanaensis Couzijn, 1981:97 [Philippines] SPECIES Heterometrus spinifer (Ehrenberg, 1828):pl.I,fig.2 [type; SriLanka+Vietnam] [=Buthus spinifer Ehrenberg, in Hemprich & Ehrenberg 1828] [=Palamnaeus laevigatus Thorell, 1876b:221] [=Palamnaeus oatesii Pocock, 1900d:98] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus spinifer (Ehrenberg, 1828):pl.I,fig.2 [type; Malaysia+Vietnam] [=Buthus spinifer Ehrenberg, in Hemprich & Ehrenberg 1828] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus solitarius Couzijn, 1981:93 [SriLanka] SUBGENUS Chersonesometrus Couzijn, 1978:330 [type is fulvipes; as subgenus] SPECIES Heterometrus fastigiosus (Couzijn, 1981):140 [India] [=Chersonesometrus fastigiosus Couzijn, 1981] SPECIES Heterometrus fulvipes (C. L. Koch, 1837b):415 [not 1838; India] [=Buthus fulvipes C. L. Koch, 1837b] [=Buthus caesar C. L. Koch, 1841b:6] [=Palamnaeus bombayensis Pocock, 1900d:89] [as subspecies of fulvipes] SPECIES Heterometrus granulomanus Couzijn, 1981:142 [India] SPECIES Heterometrus madraspatensis (Pocock, 1900d):88 [as subspecies of fulvipes; India] [=Palamnaeus madraspatensis Pocock, 1900d] SPECIES Heterometrus pelekomanus Couzijn, 1981:137 [India] SPECIES Heterometrus scaber (Thorell, 1876b):202 [India] [=Pandinus scaber Thorell, 1876b] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus scaber (Thorell, 1876b):202 [India] [=Pandinus scaber Thorell, 1876b] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus obscurus Couzijn, 1981:147 [India] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus rugosus Couzijn, 1981:146 [India] SPECIES Heterometrus xanthopus (Pocock, 1897d):116 [India] [=Palamnaeus xanthopus Pocock, 1897d] SPECIES Heterometrus barberi (Pocock, 1900d):95 [India] [=Palamnaeus barberi Pocock, 1900d] SPECIES Heterometrus collinus (Pocock, 1900d):95 [as subspecies of phipsoni; India] [=Palamnaeus collinus Pocock, 1900d] SPECIES Heterometrus kanarensis (Pocock, 1900d):93 [as subspecies of scaber; India] [=Palamnaeus kanarensis Pocock, 1900d] SPECIES Heterometrus liurus (Pocock, 1897d):114 [India] [=Palamnaeus liurus Pocock, 1897d] SPECIES Heterometrus phipsoni (Pocock, 1893c):307 [India] [=Scorpio phipsoni Pocock, 1893c] SPECIES Heterometrus tristis (Henderson, 1919):380 [India] [=Palamnaeus tristis Henderson, 1919] SPECIES Heterometrus wroughtoni (Pocock, 1899e):745 [India] [=Palamnaeus wroughtoni Pocock, 1899e] SUBGENUS Gigantometrus Couzijn, 1978:330 [as subgenus; type is swammerdami] SPECIES Heterometrus flavimanus (Pocock, 1900d):87 [as subspecies of swammerdami; India] [=Palamnaeus flavimanus Pocock, 1900d] SPECIES Heterometrus swammerdami Simon, 1872b:56 [India+SriLanka] [=Pandinus asper Thorell, 1876b:199] [=Pandinus kochii Karsch, 1879b:127] [=Scorpio lucidipes Simon, 1885b:38] SPECIES Heterometrus titanicus Couzijn, 1981:165 [syn. Lourenço & Huber 2002:273; SriLanka] SUBGENUS Javanimetrus) Couzijn, 1981:125 [as subgenus; type is cyaneus] SPECIES Heterometrus cyaneus (C. L. Koch, 1836):75 [type; Indonesia+Singapore] [=Buthus cyaneus C. L. Koch, 1836] [=Buthus heros C. L. Koch, 1837b:1] [=Buthus defensor C. L. Koch, 1837b:3] [=Buthus reticulatus C. L. Koch, 1837b:25] [=Buthus setosus C. L. Koch, 1841a:87] [=Pandinus indicus Karsch, 1884a:68] [=Heterometrus luzonenis Couzijn, 1981:99] [as luzonensis in ZR; as subspecies of petersi; syn. Kovarik 2002:3; Philippines] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus cyaneus (C. L. Koch, 1836):75 [Indonesia] [=Buthus cyaneus C. L. Koch, 1836] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus insulanus Couzijn, 1981:131 [Indonesia] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus sumatrensis Couzijn, 1981:130 SUBGENUS Srilankametrus Couzijn, 1981:120 [as subgenus; type is indus] SPECIES Heterometrus gravimanus (Pocock, 1894a):75 [India+SriLanka] [=Scorpio gravimanus Pocock, 1894a] SPECIES Heterometrus indus (DeGeer, 1778):341 [type; India+SriLanka] [=Scorpio indus DeGeer, 1778] [=Scorpio afer Linnaeus, 1758:624] [=Scorpio ceylonicus Herbst, 1800:83] [=Buthus megacephalus C. L. Koch, 1836:73] [=Buthus caesar C. L. Koch, 1841b:6] [=Scorpio crassimanus Becker, 1880:140] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus indus (DeGeer, 1778):341 [type; India+SriLanka] [=Scorpio indus DeGeer, 1778] SUBSPECIES Heterometrus laevitensus Couzijn, 1981:124 [India] SPECIES Heterometrus latimanus (Pocock, 1894a):74 [India] [=Scorpio latimanus Pocock, 1894a] SPECIES Heterometrus serratus (Pocock, 1900d):97 [SriLanka] [=Palamnaeus serratus Pocock, 1900d] SUBGENUS Heterometrusincertae SPECIES Heterometrus leioderma (Dufour, 1856):571 [nomen dubium] [=Scorpio leioderma Dufour, 1856] GENUS Opistophthalmus C. L. Koch, 1837c:36 [type is capensis] [=Opisthophthalmus Thorell, 1876a:13] [misspelling] [=Miaephonus Thorell, 1876a:13] [type is wahlbergii; syn. Kraepelin 1894:77] [=Petrooicus Karsch, 1879b:109] [type is carinatus; syn. Pocock 1893b:307] [=Petrovicus Simon, 1888:380] [misspelling] [=Mossamedes Simon, 1888:381] [type is opinatus; syn. Pocock 1893b:307] [=Oecopetrus Pocock, 1893b:307] [syn. Kraepelin 1899:125; unnec. nomen nova pro Petrooicus] [=Protophthalmus Lawrence, 1969:105] [type is holmi; syn. Newlands 1972a:241] [=Atreus C. L. Koch, 1837] [lapsus calami] SPECIES Opistophthalmus adustus (Kraepelin, 1908b):260 [Namibia] [=Opisthophthalmus adustus Kraepelin, 1908b] [=Opisthophthalmus longiceps Lawrence, 1946:401] SPECIES Opistophthalmus ammopus (Lamoral, 1980a):202 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus ammopus Lamoral, 1980a] SPECIES Opistophthalmus ater (Purcell, 1898):16 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus ater Purcell, 1898] SPECIES Opistophthalmus austerus (Karsch, 1879b):128 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus austerus Karsch, 1879b] [=Opistophthalmus colesbergensis Simon, 1880b:388] [=Opisthophthalmus monticola Hewitt, 1927:419] [as subspecies of austerus; syn. Prendini 2001:19; SouthAfrica] SPECIES Opistophthalmus boehmi (Kraepelin, 1896):131 [as boehmei; Tanzania] [=Heterometrus boehmi Kraepelin, 1896] [=Opisthophthalmus ecristatus Pocock, 1899a:411] [syn. Prendini 2001:19; SouthAfrica+Zimbabwe] SPECIES Opistophthalmus brevicauda (Lawrence, 1928):275 [Namibia] [=Opisthophthalmus brevicauda Lawrence, 1928] [=Opisthophthalmus gaerdesi Lawrence, 1961:149] [=Opisthophthalmus scabriceps Lawrence, 1966:5] [as subspecies of carinatus] SPECIES Opistophthalmus capensis (Herbst, 1800):62 [type; SouthAfrica] [=Scorpio capensis Herbst, 1800] [=Opistophthalmus pilosus C. L. Koch, 1837b:91] [=Opistophthalmus maxillosus C. L. Koch, 1837b:93] [=Opisthophthalmus latro Thorell, 1876b:225] [=Opisthophthalmus fuscipes Purcell, 1898:20] SPECIES Opistophthalmus carinatus (Peters, 1861b):515 [s.Afr.] [=Heterometrus carinatus Peters, 1861b] [=Opisthophthalmus anderssonii Thorell, 1876b:239] [=Opisthophthalmus histrio Thorell, 1876b:242] [=Petrooicus furcatus Simon, 1888:380] SUBSPECIES Opistophthalmus carinatus (Peters, 1861b):515 [s.Afr.] [=Heterometrus carinatus Peters, 1861b] SUBSPECIES Opistophthalmus cavimanus (Lawrence, 1928):274 [Namibia] [=Opisthophthalmus cavimanus Lawrence, 1928] [=ugabensis Hewitt, 1934:408] [female only; as subspecies of undulatus] SPECIES Opistophthalmus chaperi Simon, 1880b:387 [SouthAfrica] SPECIES Opistophthalmus chrysites (Lawrence, 1967b):13 [Namibia] [=Opisthophthalmus chrysites Lawrence, 1967b] SPECIES Opistophthalmus coetzeei (Lamoral, 1979):694 [Namibia] [=Opisthophthalmus coetzeei Lamoral, 1979] SPECIES Opistophthalmus concinnus (Newlands, 1972a):241 [Botswana+Namibia+SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus concinnus Newlands, 1972a] SPECIES Opistophthalmus crassimanus (Purcell, 1899a):164 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus crassimanus Purcell, 1899a] SPECIES Opistophthalmus fitzsimonsi (Hewitt, 1935):47 [as subspecies of intercedens; Botswana+Namibia+SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus fitzsimonsi Hewitt, 1935] SPECIES Opistophthalmus flavescens (Purcell, 1898):7 [Namibia] [=Opisthophthalmus flavescens Purcell, 1898] [=Opisthophthalmus werneri Lamoral & Reynders, 1975:563] [nomen nova; syn. Prendini 2001:24 to flavescens; Namibia] [=Opisthophthalmus pilosus Werner, 1936a:187] [praeocc. C. L. Koch 1838; syn. Prendini 2001:24 to flavescens] SPECIES Opistophthalmus fossor (Purcell, 1898):9 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus fossor Purcell, 1898] SPECIES Opistophthalmus fuscipes (Purcell, 1898):20 [as subspecies of capensis; syn. Prendini 2001:24; SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus fuscipes Purcell, 1898] SPECIES Opistophthalmus gibbericauda (Lamoral, 1979):707 [Angola+Namibia] [=Opisthophthalmus gibbericauda Lamoral, 1979] SPECIES Opistophthalmus gigas (Purcell, 1898):5 [Namibia+SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus gigas Purcell, 1898] SPECIES Opistophthalmus glabrifrons (Peters, 1861b):514 [s.Afr.] [=Opisthophthalmus glabrifrons Peters, 1861b] [=Opisthophthalmus laeviceps Thorell, 1876b:228] [=Opisthophthalmus praedo Thorell, 1877a:230] [=Opisthophthalmus natalensis Hewitt, 1915a:325] [as subspecies of pugnax; syn. of praedo by Prendini 2001:35; SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus betschuanicus Penther, 1900:160] SPECIES Opistophthalmus granicauda (Purcell, 1898):14 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus granicauda Purcell, 1898] SPECIES Opistophthalmus granifrons (Pocock, 1896a):14 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus granifrons Pocock, 1896a] SPECIES Opistophthalmus haackei (Lawrence, 1966):4 [as subspecies of gigas; Namibia+SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus haackei Lawrence, 1966] SPECIES Opistophthalmus harpei (Harington, 2002):26 [Namibia] [=Opisthophthalmus harpei Harington, 2002] SPECIES Opistophthalmus holmi (Lawrence, 1969):105 [Namibia+SouthAfrica] [=Protophthalmus holmi Lawrence, 1969] SPECIES Opistophthalmus intercedens (Kraepelin, 1908b):265 [Namibia] [=Opisthophthalmus intercedens Kraepelin, 1908b] [=Opisthophthalmus setiventer Lawrence, 1969:115] SPECIES Opistophthalmus intermedius (Kraepelin, 1894):89 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus intermedius Kraepelin, 1894] SPECIES Opistophthalmus jenseni (Lamoral, 1972):118 [Namibia] [=Protophthalmus jenseni Lamoral, 1972] SPECIES Opistophthalmus karrooensis (Purcell, 1898):1 [not karooensis; SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus karrooensis Purcell, 1898] [=Opisthophthalmus rugosus Lawrence, 1946:400] [syn. Prendini 2001:27; SouthAfrica] SPECIES Opistophthalmus keilandsi (Hewitt, 1914):7 [placed Prendini 2001:27; SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus keilandsi Hewitt, 1914] SPECIES Opistophthalmus lamorali Prendini, 2000:110 [Erongo Region, Omaruru District, Ugab River; Namibia] SPECIES Opistophthalmus laticauda (Purcell, 1898):26 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus laticauda Purcell, 1898] SPECIES Opistophthalmus latimanus C. L. Koch, 1841a:65 [SouthAfrica] [=Opistophthalmus calvus L. Koch, 1867:233] [=Opisthophthalmus pugnax Thorell, 1876b:232] [=Opisthophthalmus curtus Thorell, 1876b:234] [=Opisthophthalmus austeroides Hewitt, 1914:5] [as subspecies of latimanus; syn. Prendini 2001:28; SouthAfrica] SPECIES Opistophthalmus lawrencei (Newlands, 1969):5 [as subspecies of carinatus; syn. Prendini 2001:30; SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus lawrencei Newlands, 1969] SPECIES Opistophthalmus leipoldti (Purcell, 1898):18 [as subspecies of capensis; syn. Prendini 2001:31; SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus leipoldti Purcell, 1898] SPECIES Opistophthalmus litoralis (Lawrence, 1955):216 [as subspecies of wahlbergi; Angola+Namibia] [=Opisthophthalmus litoralis Lawrence, 1955] SPECIES Opistophthalmus longicauda (Purcell, 1899a):168 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus longicauda Purcell, 1899a] SPECIES Opistophthalmus lornae (Lamoral, 1979):729 [Namibia+SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus lornae Lamoral, 1979] SPECIES Opistophthalmus macer (Thorell, 1876b):236 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus macer Thorell, 1876b] [=Opisthophthalmus fallax Thorell, 1876b:238] SPECIES Opistophthalmus nitidiceps (Pocock, 1896a):243 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus nitidiceps Pocock, 1896a] [=Opisthophthalmus breviceps Pocock, 1896a:244] SPECIES Opistophthalmus opinatus (Simon, 1888):382 [Namibia] [=Mossamedes opinatus Simon, 1888] [=Opisthophthalmus scabrifrons Hewitt, 1918:129] [=Opisthophthalmus bradfieldi Hewitt, 1931b:97] [as subspecies of opinatus] SPECIES Opistophthalmus pallipes C. L. Koch, 1842:3 [Namibia+SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus crinitus Lawrence, 1955:214] [as crinita; syn. Prendini 2001:33; SouthAfrica] SPECIES Opistophthalmus pattisoni (Purcell, 1899a):171 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus pattisoni Purcell, 1899a] SPECIES Opistophthalmus penrithorum (Lamoral, 1979):738 [Namibia] [=Opisthophthalmus penrithorum Lamoral, 1979] SPECIES Opistophthalmus peringueyi (Purcell, 1898):23 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus peringueyi Purcell, 1898] SPECIES Opistophthalmus pictus (Kraepelin, 1894):102 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus pictus Kraepelin, 1894] SPECIES Opistophthalmus pluridens (Hewitt, 1918):181 [syn. Prendini 2001:34; SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus pluridens Hewitt, 1918] SPECIES Opistophthalmus pugnax (Thorell, 1876b):232 [as subspecies of latimanus; placed Prendini 2001:37; Botswana+Lesotho+SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus pugnax Thorell, 1876b] [=Opisthophthalmus kalaharicus Hewitt, 1935:472] [syn. Prendini 2001:37; Botswana] [=Opisthophthalmus curtus Thorell, 1876b:234] SPECIES Opistophthalmus pygmaeus (Lamoral, 1979):742 [Namibia] [=Opisthophthalmus pygmaeus Lamoral, 1979] SPECIES Opistophthalmus schlechteri (Purcell, 1898):12 [SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus schlechteri Purcell, 1898] SPECIES Opistophthalmus schultzei (Kraepelin, 1908b):262 [Namibia] [=Opisthophthalmus schultzei Kraepelin, 1908b] [=Opisthophthalmus undulatus Kraepelin, 1908b:263] [=Opisthophthalmus laevicauda Roewer, 1943:230] SPECIES Opistophthalmus setifrons (Lawrence, 1961):151 [Namibia+SouthAfrica] [=Opisthophthalmus setifrons Lawrence, 1961] [=Opisthophthalmus vivianus Lawrence, 1969:112] [=Opisthophthalmus nigrocarinatus Lawrence, 1969:113] [as subspecies of pictus] SPECIES Opistophthalmus ugabensis (Hewitt, 1934):408 [not female; as subspecies of undulatus; Angola+Namibia] [=Opisthophthalmus ugabensis Hewitt, 1934] [=Opisthophthalmus luciranus Lawrence, 1959:384] SPECIES Opistophthalmus wahlbergii (Thorell, 1876a):13 [s.Afr.] [=Miaephonus wahlbergii Thorell, 1876a] [=Opisthophthalmus gariepensis Purcell, 1901:194] [as subspecies of wahlbergii] [=Opisthophthalmus nigrovesicalis Purcell, 1901:195] [as subspecies of wahlbergii] [=Opisthophthalmus lundensis Monard, 1937:267] [syn. Prendini 2001:41; Angola] [=Opisthophthalmus robustus Newlands, 1969:6] [as subspecies of wahlbergii; syn. Prendini 2001:41; SouthAfrica] GENUS Pandinus Thorell, 1876a:12 [type is africanus=imperator] SUBGENUS Pandinus Thorell, 1876a:12 [=Broteas hirsutus L. Koch, 1875:8] SPECIES Pandinus gambiensis Pocock, 1899g:836 [as subspecies of imperator; CôtedIvoire+Gambia+Senegal] SPECIES Pandinus imperator (C. L. Koch, 1841b):1 [type; w.Afr.] [=Buthus imperator C. L. Koch, 1841b] [=Heterometrus roeseli Simon, 1872b:53] [=Pandinus africanus Thorell, 1876b:128] [=Scorpio simoni Becker, 1880:137] SUBSPECIES Pandinus imperator (C. L. Koch, 1841b):1 [type; w.Afr.] [=Buthus imperator C. L. Koch, 1841b] SUBSPECIES Pandinus subtypicus (Kraepelin, 1894):69 [as subspecies of africanus; Eritrea+Somalia+Sudan] [=Scorpio subtypicus Kraepelin, 1894] SPECIES Pandinus intermedius Borelli, 1919:375 [Somalia] SPECIES Pandinus phillipsii (Pocock, 1896f):181 [Somalia] [=Scorpio phillipsii Pocock, 1896f] SPECIES Pandinus smithi (Pocock, 1899h):398 [Somalia] [=Scorpio smithi Pocock, 1899h] SUBGENUS Pandinoides Fet, 1997b:248 [as subgenus; type is militaris] [=Pandinoides Vachon, 1974:953] [nomen nudum] SPECIES Pandinus cavimanus (Pocock, 1888b):247 [e.Afr.] [=Scorpio cavimanus Pocock, 1888b] [=Pandinus militaris Pocock, 1900f:61] [type; syn. Kovarik 2002:20; Somalia+Sudan+Tanzania] SPECIES Pandinus platycheles Werner, 1916b:89 [Ethiopia+Somalia] SUBGENUS Pandinops Birula, 1913:422 [as subgenus; type is peeli] SPECIES Pandinus bellicosus (L. Koch, 1875):1 [placed Kovarik 2000:4; was in Pandinurus; Eritrea+Ethiopia+Kenya+Somalia] [=Heterometrus bellicosus L. Koch, 1875] [=Pandinus pugilator Pocock, 1900e:52] [syn. Kovarik 2000:4; Somalia] SPECIES Pandinus colei (Pocock, 1896f):180 [Ethiopia+Somalia] [=Scorpio colei Pocock, 1896f] SPECIES Pandinus hawkeri Pocock, 1900f:60 [Somalia] SPECIES Pandinus peeli Pocock, 1900e:53 [type; Somalia] SPECIES Pandinus pococki Kovarik, 2000:3 [Geriban; Somalia] SUBGENUS Pandinopsis Vachon, 1974:953 [as subgenus; type is dictator] SPECIES Pandinus dictator (Pocock, 1888b):251 [type; c.Afr.] [=Scorpio dictator Pocock, 1888b] SUBGENUS Pandinurus Fet, 1997b:248 [as subgenus; type is exitialis] [=Pandinurus Vachon, 1974:953] [nomen nudum] SPECIES Pandinus arabicus (Kraepelin, 1894b):58 [SaudiArabia+Yemen] [=Scorpio arabicus Kraepelin, 1894b] SPECIES Pandinus citernii Borelli, 1919:378 [Somalia] SPECIES Pandinus exitialis (Pocock, 1888b):249 [Ethiopia+Sudan] [=Scorpio exitialis Pocock, 1888b] SPECIES Pandinus gregoryi (Pocock, 1896d):432 [as gregorii; Ethiopia+Kenya+Somalia] [=Scorpio gregoryi Pocock, 1896d] SPECIES Pandinus magretti Borelli, 1901a:1 [Eritrea+Ethiopia+Sudan] [=Pandinus sudanicus Hirst, 1911a:219] [as subspecies of exitialis] SPECIES Pandinus meidensis Karsch, 1879b:127 [Somalia] SPECIES Pandinus pallidus (Kraepelin, 1894):60 [Kenya+Somalia+Sudan] [=Scorpio pallidus Kraepelin, 1894] SPECIES Pandinus percivali Pocock, 1902b:368 [Yemen] SPECIES Pandinus viatoris (Pocock, 1890c):100 [c.Afr.] [=Scorpio viatoris Pocock, 1890c] SUBGENUS Pandinusincertae SPECIES Pandinus boschisi Caporiaccco, 1937:361 [Somalia] SPECIES Pandinus gigas (Beauvois, 1805):190 [nomen dubium] [=Scorpio gigas Beauvois, 1805] SUBFAMILY Diplocentrinae Karsch, 1880c:408 [as tribe] TRIBE Diplocentrini Karsch, 1880 [7 genera] GENUS Bioculus Stahnke, 1968:276 [type is comondae] SPECIES Bioculus caboensis (Stahnke, 1968):274 [Mexico] [=Didymocentrus caboensis Stahnke, 1968] SPECIES Bioculus cerralvensis Stahnke, 1968:279 [Mexico] [=Bioculus aguajensis Stahnke, 1968:280] [=Bioculus figghoblyni Stahnke, 1968:280] [=Bioculus parrishi Stahnke, 1968:280] SPECIES Bioculus comondae Stahnke, 1968:280 [type; Mexico] [=Bioculus belvederi Stahnke, 1968:280] [=Bioculus danzantiensis Stahnke, 1968:280] [=Bioculus luteus Stahnke, 1968:280] [=Bioculus parraensis Stahnke, 1968:281] [=Bioculus santoensis Stahnke, 1968:280] [=Bioculus similis Stahnke, 1968:281] SPECIES Bioculus cruzensis Stahnke, 1968:280 [Mexico] [=Bioculus lindsayi Stahnke, 1968:281] [=Bioculus prolatio Stahnke, 1968:280] GENUS Cazierius Francke, 1978c:26 [type is gundlachii] SPECIES Cazierius alayoni Armas, 1999:129 [Navassa Island; GreaterAntilles] SPECIES Cazierius dominicus (Armas, 1981a):5 [syn. de Armas 1999:132; DominicanRepublic] [=Heteronebo dominicus Armas, 1981a] SPECIES Cazierius gundlachii (Karsch, 1880c):407 [type; Cuba] [=Diplocentrus gundlachii Karsch, 1880c] [=Diplocentrus orientalis Franganillo, 1935:20] [=Diplocentrus torrei Moreno, 1938:198] SPECIES Cazierius monticola Armas, 1999:131 [Pedernales, El Aceitillar, Cabo Rojo; DominicanRepublic] SPECIES Cazierius oviedo Armas, 1999:133 [Pedernales, Oviedo, Los Tres Charcos; DominicanRepublic] SPECIES Cazierius parvus Armas, 1984d:2 [as subspecies of gundlachii; syn. Teruel 2000:53; Cuba] SPECIES Cazierius politus (Pocock, 1898b):390 [DominicanRepublic] [=Diplocentrus politus Pocock, 1898b] SPECIES Cazierius scaber (Pocock, 1893d):396 [Barbados] [=Diplocentrus scaber Pocock, 1893d] GENUS Didymocentrus Kraepelin, 1905:342 [type is lesueurii] SPECIES Didymocentrus hasethi (Kraepelin, 1896):130 [Curaçao+Bonaire] [=Diplocentrus hasethi Kraepelin, 1896] SPECIES Didymocentrus hummelincki Francke, 1978c:14 [Bonaire] SPECIES Didymocentrus krausi Francke, 1978c:20Salvador+Honduras [CostaRica+El ] [=Didymocentrus concavimanus Francke & Stockwell, 1987:29] [syn. de Armas 1995:30] SPECIES Didymocentrus lesueurii (Gervais, 1844a):226 [type; in subgenus Buthus; Martinique+St.Lucia] [=Scorpio lesueurii Gervais, 1844a] [=Diplocentrus antillanus Pocock, 1893d:394] [=Scorpio lesueurii Gervais, 1843:130] [nomen nudum; in subgenus Buthus] SPECIES Didymocentrus minor Francke, 1978c:8 [St.Vincent] SPECIES Didymocentrus nitidus (Hirst, 1907):210 [Nicaragua] [=Diplocentrus nitidus Hirst, 1907] SPECIES Didymocentrus trinitarius (Franganillo, 1930a):93 [Cuba] [=Diplocentrus trinitarius Franganillo, 1930a] [=Didymocentrus jaumei Armas, 1976a:11] [=Didymocentrus sanfelipensis Armas, 1976a:18] SPECIES Didymocentrus waeringi Francke, 1978c:11 [Grenada] GENUS Diplocentrus Peters, 1861b:512 [type is mexicanus] SPECIES Anuroctonus mexicanus Baerg, 1929:427 [nomen nudum; Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus linda Brown & Formanowicz, 1996:41 [nomen nudum; Texas] SPECIES Diplocentrus actun Armas & Palacios-Vargas, 2002:7 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus chiapasensis Beutelspacher & Armas, 1998:19 [Chiapas, Ocozocoautla; Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus coddingtoni Stockwell, 1988:163 [Honduras] SPECIES Diplocentrus colwelli Sissom, 1986a:255 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus coylei Fritts & Sissom, 1996:43 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus cozumel Beutelspacher & Armas, 1998:24 [Quintana Roo, Cozumel Island; Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus cueva Francke, 1978a:39 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus diablo Stockwell & Nilsson, 1987:152 [Mexico+Texas] SPECIES Diplocentrus ferrugineus Fritts & Sissom, 1996:39 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus gertschi Sissom & Walker, 1992:126 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus gladiator Beutelspacher & Trujillo-Olivera, 1999:3 [Chiapas, Ocozocoautla Reserve, Rio Encajonado; Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus hoffmanni Francke, 1977e:150 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus keyserlingii Karsch, 1880a:57 [Mexico] [=Diplocentrus venustus Ewing, 1928:5] [nomen nudum] [=Diplocentrus reticulatus Francke, 1977e:150] SPECIES Diplocentrus lindo Stockwell & Baldwin, 2001:304 [Texas] SPECIES Diplocentrus Lourençoi Stockwell, 1988:161 [Honduras] SPECIES Diplocentrus lucidus Stockwell, 1988:155 [Belize] SPECIES Diplocentrus luisae Guijosa, 1973:146 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus magnus Beutelspacher & López-Forment, 1991:34 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus maya Francke, 1977a:51 [Belize+Guatemala] SPECIES Diplocentrus mexicanus Peters, 1861b:512 [type; Mexico] [=Diplocentrus oaxacae Francke, 1977e:150] [as subspecies of mexicanus; syn. Sissom & Francke Balive 1998:259] SUBSPECIES Diplocentrus mexicanus Peters, 1861b:512 [Mexico] SUBSPECIES Diplocentrus karschi Sissom & Francke, 1998:260 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus mitchelli Francke, 1977a:56 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus mitlae Francke, 1977e:150,194 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus ochoterenai Hoffmann, 1931:309 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus ornatus Stockwell, 1988:157 [Belize] SPECIES Diplocentrus peloncillensis Francke, 1975:107 [Arizona+N.M.] SPECIES Diplocentrus perezi Sissom, 1991f:122 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus rectimanus Pocock, 1898b:390 [Mexico] [=Diplocentrus moritzi Stahnke, 1981:44] SPECIES Diplocentrus reddelli Francke, 1977a:54 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus santiagoi Stockwell, 1988:167 [Honduras] SPECIES Diplocentrus spitzeri Stahnke, 1970a:25 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus steeleae Stockwell, 1988:170 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus taibeli (Caporiacco, 1938):252 [Belize+Guatemala] [=Didymocentrus taibeli Caporiacco, 1938] SPECIES Diplocentrus tehuacanus Hoffmann, 1931:312 [as subspecies of keyserlingi; Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus tehuano Francke, 1977e:150,168 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus whitei (Gervais, 1844a):225 [in subgenus Brotheas; Mexico+Texas] [=Scorpio whitei Gervais, 1844a] [=Diplocentrus bigbendensis Stahnke, 1967a:173] SPECIES Diplocentrus williamsi Sissom & Wheeler, 1995:310 [Mexico] SPECIES Diplocentrus zacatecanus Hoffmann, 1931:317 [as subspecies of keyserlingi; Mexico] GENUS Heteronebo Pocock, 1899b:7 [type is granti] SPECIES Heteronebo bermudezi (Moreno, 1938):195 [Cuba] [=Diplocentrus bermudezi Moreno, 1938] SUBSPECIES Heteronebo bermudezi (Moreno, 1938):195 [Cuba] [=Diplocentrus bermudezi Moreno, 1938] SUBSPECIES Heteronebo morenoi (Armas, 1973a):4 [Cuba] [=Didymocentrus morenoi Armas, 1973a] SPECIES Heteronebo caymanensis Francke, 1978c:47 [CaymanIslands] SPECIES Heteronebo cicero Armas & Marcano Fondeur, 1987:3 [DominicanRepublic] SPECIES Heteronebo clareae Armas, 2001:250 [de Armas; GreaterAntilles] SPECIES Heteronebo elegans Francke, 1978c:39 [Jamaica] SPECIES Heteronebo forbesii Pocock, 1899b:8 [Yemen] SPECIES Heteronebo franckei Stockwell, 1985:355 [Jamaica] SPECIES Heteronebo granti Pocock, 1899b:7 [Yemen] SPECIES Heteronebo jamaicae Francke, 1978c:51 [Jamaica] SUBSPECIES Heteronebo jamaicae Francke, 1978c:51 [Jamaica] SUBSPECIES Heteronebo occidentalis Francke, 1978c:53 [Jamaica] SUBSPECIES Heteronebo portlandensis Francke, 1978c:54 [Jamaica] SPECIES Heteronebo nibujon Armas, 1984d:7 [Cuba] SPECIES Heteronebo portoricensis Francke, 1978c:43 [PuertoRico] SPECIES Heteronebo pumilus Armas, 1981a:2 [Haiti] SPECIES Heteronebo vachoni Francke, 1978c:45 [not Martinique; St.Croix] [=Heteronebo muchmorei Francke & Sissom, 1980:2] SPECIES Heteronebo yntemai Francke & Sissom, 1980:5 [VirginIs] GENUS Oiclus Simon, 1880b:397 [type is purvesii; as Oïclus] SPECIES Oiclus purvesii (Becker, 1880):142 [type; Antigua+St.Kitts] [=Diplocentrus purvesii Becker, 1880] SUBSPECIES Oiclus purvesii (Becker, 1880):142 [type; Antigua+St.Kitts] [=Diplocentrus purvesii Becker, 1880] SUBSPECIES Oiclus sabae (Francke, 1978c):35 [SabaIsland] [=Oieclus sabae Francke, 1978c] GENUS Tarsoporosus Francke, 1978c:23 [type is kugleri] SPECIES Tarsoporosus anchicaya Lourenço & Flórez, 1990a:122 [as subspecies of klugeri; Colombia] SPECIES Tarsoporosus flavus (González-Sponga, 1984e):67 [Venezuela] [=Diplocentrus flavus González-Sponga, 1984e] SPECIES Tarsoporosus kugleri (Schenkel, 1932):391 [type; Colombia+Venezuela] [=Diplocentrus kugleri Schenkel, 1932] SPECIES Tarsoporosus yustizi (González-Sponga, 1984e):67 [Venezuela] [=Diplocentrus yustizi González-Sponga, 1984e] TRIBE Nebini Kraepelin, 1905:342 GENUS Nebo Simon, 1878b:399 [type is hierichonticus] [=Cyphocentrus Karsch, 1880c:408] [type is sulcatus=hierichonticus; syn. Kraepelin 1894:10] SPECIES Nebo flavipes Simon, 1882a:249 [only from females; Israel?; Yemen] [=Nebo pallidimanus Pocock, 1903a:214] [as subspecies of hierichonticus] SPECIES Nebo franckei Vachon, 1980d:257 [Oman] SPECIES Nebo grandis Francke, 1980:44 [Yemen] SPECIES Nebo henjamicus Francke, 1980:46 [Iran] SPECIES Nebo hierichonticus (Simon, 1872a):255 [as Hemiscorpio; Egypt+Syria] [=Hemiscorpius hierichonticus Simon, 1872a] [=Diplocentrus sulcatus Karsch, 1879b:99] SPECIES Nebo omanensis Francke, 1980:47 [Oman] SPECIES Nebo poggesii Sissom, 1994a:30 [Yemen] SPECIES Nebo whitei Vachon, 1980d:257 [Oman] SPECIES Nebo yemenensis Francke, 1980:48 [also as yemensis; Yemen]