FAMILY Xyalidae Chitwood, 1951 [=Cobbiinae de Coninck, 1965] [syn. Lorenzen 1978 p.531] [=Rhynchonematinae de Coninck, 1965] [syn. Lorenzen 1978 p.531] [=Scaptrellidae de Coninck, 1965] [syn. Lorenzen 1978 p.531] [=Xyalinidae] [?; ref. Nichols 1979] [=Xylidae] [misspelling ZR] SUBFAMILY Corononeminae Nicholas & Stewart, 1995 GENUS Corononema Nicholas & Stewart, 1995:60 TYPE SPECIES Corononema parvum Nicholas & Stewart, 1995:60 SPECIES Corononema thai Nicholas & Stewart, 1995:62 SUBFAMILY Scaptrellinae de Coninck, 1965 [syn. Lorenzen 1978 p.531] GENUS Scaptrella Cobb, 1917n [was in Xyalinidae] SPECIES Scaptrella brevicaudata Gerlach, 1953 TYPE SPECIES Scaptrella cincta Cobb, 1917n SPECIES Scaptrella tenuicaudata Gerlach, 1956 SUBFAMILY Xyalinae Chitwood, 1951 GENUS Ammotheristus Lorenzen, 1977:207 TYPE SPECIES Ammotheristus helgolandicus Riemann, 1967 [ Redescription; Lorenzen 1977 p.207] [=Amphimonhystera helgolandica Riemann, 1967] SPECIES Ammotheristus subtilis (Lorenzen, 1972) [syn. Lorenzen 1977 p.209] [=Amphimonhystera subtilis Lorenzen, 1972] GENUS Amphimonhystera Allgén, 1929 SPECIES Amphimonhystera anechma (Southern, 1914) [Diagnostic; Guo & Warwick 2001 p.1581; Redescription; Lorenzen 1977 p.203] [=Monhystera anechma Southern, 1914] SPECIES Amphimonhystera circula Guo & Warwick, 2001:1579 SPECIES Amphimonhystera galea Fadeeva, 1984:46 [Redescription; Tchesunov & Mokievsky 2005 p.8] SPECIES Amphimonhystera marisalbi Tchesunov & Mokievsky, 2005:9 [Russia; marine] SPECIES Amphimonhystera molloyensis Tchesunov & Mokievsky, 2005:12 [Arctic Ocean] SPECIES Amphimonhystera pallida Tchesunov & Mokievsky, 2005:16 [Arctic Ocean] SPECIES Amphimonhystera paranechma Allgén, 1925 GENUS Amphimonhystrella Timm, 1961 SPECIES Amphimonhystrella bullacauda Tchesunov & Miljutina, 2005:22 [Arctic Ocean] SPECIES Amphimonhystrella megastoma Timm, 1961 SPECIES Amphimonhystrella unita Lorenzen, 1977:253 GENUS Arabanema Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001:2 [Type is Arabanema pakistanensis] SPECIES Arabanema pakistanensis Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001:2 GENUS Cenolaimus Cobb, 1933:84 SPECIES Cenolaimus sapeloensis Nichols, 1979:152 TYPE SPECIES Cenolaimus supersentiens Cobb, 1933 [ poor description] GENUS Cobbia de Man, 1907 SPECIES Cobbia caledonia Warwick & Platt, 1973 SPECIES Cobbia dentata Gerlach, 1953 SPECIES Cobbia mawsoni Cobb, 1930 SPECIES Cobbia scutata Wieser, 1956 SPECIES Cobbia simplex Allgén, 1929 TYPE SPECIES Cobbia trefusiaeformis de Man, 1907 [ Redescription; Lorenzen 1977 p.210] SPECIES Cobbia triodonta Filipjev, 1918 SPECIES Cobbia truncata Wieser, 1959 SPECIES Cobbia urinator Wieser, 1959 GENUS Dactylaimoides Blome, 2002:37 [Type is Dactylaimoides coronifer] SPECIES Dactylaimoides coronifer Blome, 2002:38 [Queensland (marine)] GENUS Daptonema Cobb, 1920 [Monhysteridae by Andrássy] [=Allomonhystera Micoletzky, 1923] [type is tripapillata = setosus] [=Cylindotheristus] [misspelling ZR] [=Cylindrotheristus Wieser, 1956] [as subgenus of Theristus; syn. Lorenzen 1977 p.222; type is normandica] [=Mesotheristus Wieser, 1956] [as subgenus of Theristus; syn. Lorenzen 1977 p.222; Coomans & Eyualem-Abebe 2006 p.598; type is setosa] [=Mongolotheristus Tsalolikhin, 1985:80] [syn. Coomans & Eyualem-Abebe 2006 p.598] [=Pseudotheristus Wieser, 1965] [type is elegans; as subgenus of Theristus; syn. Lorenzen 1977 p.222; valid by Alekseyev 1984] [=Spirotheristus Timm, 1961] [as subgenus of Theristus; syn. Lorenzen 1977 p.222; type is clavicaudatus] [=Tubolaimus Allgén, 1929] [syn. Lorenzen 1977 p.222; type is littoralis] SPECIES Daptonema acanthospiculum (Allgén, 1959) [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus acanthospiculum Allgén, 1959] SPECIES Daptonema acidus (Vitiello, 1971) [in subgenus Cylindrotheristus] [=Theristus acidus Vitiello, 1971] SPECIES Daptonema acrilabiatus (De Coninck & Stekhoven, 1933) [=Theristus acrilabiatus De Coninck & Stekhoven, 1933] SPECIES Daptonema adiectus Schulz, 1932 [Wieser 1956; in subgenus Daptonema] [=Monhystera adiecta Schulz, 1932] SPECIES Daptonema aegypticus (Gerlach, 1964) [=Theristus aegypticus Gerlach, 1964] SPECIES Daptonema albigensis (Riemann, 1966) [Hopper 1968; in subgenus Daptonema] [=Promonhystera albigensis Riemann, 1966] SPECIES Daptonema altaicus (Tsalolikhin, 1985) [syn. Coomans & Eyualem Abeb 2006 p.596] [=Mongolotheristus altaicus Tsalolikhin, 1985] SPECIES Daptonema alternus (Wieser, 1956) [in subgenus Cylindrotheristus] [=Theristus alternus Wieser, 1956] SPECIES Daptonema angulatus (Stekhoven, 1950) [=Theristus angulatus Stekhoven, 1950] SPECIES Daptonema aquaedulcis (Gagarin, 1987):454 [=Cylindrotheristus aquaedulcis Gagarin, 1987] SPECIES Daptonema arcospiculum (Allgén, 1947) [=Theristus arcospiculum Allgén, 1947] SPECIES Daptonema arcticus Steiner, 1916 [Filipjev 1922; in subgenus Daptonema; as subspecies of lata] [=Monhystera arctica Steiner, 1916] [=Monhystera filamentosa Ditlevsen, 1928] SPECIES Daptonema articulatum Lorenzen, 1977:228 SPECIES Daptonema australis (Allgén, 1951) [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus australis Allgén, 1951] SPECIES Daptonema bathylaimus (Allgén, 1929) [syn. Andrássy 1993 p.4] [=Theristus bathylaimus Allgén, 1929] SPECIES Daptonema biggi (Gerlach, 1965) [orig. genus is Cylindrotheristus?; redescription Lorenzen 1969] [=Theristus biggi Gerlach, 1965] SPECIES Daptonema buelkiensis (Schulz, 1932) [=Monhystera buelkiensis Schulz, 1932] SPECIES Daptonema buetschlii (Bresslau & Stekhoven in Stekhoven, 1935) [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus buetschlii Bresslau & Stekhoven in Stekhoven, 1935] [=Theristus oistospiculoides Allgén, 1959] SPECIES Daptonema buetschlioides (Chitwood, 1951) [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus buetschlioides Chitwood, 1951] SPECIES Daptonema calcaneum Stekhoven, 1950 [syn. Alekseyev 1984 p.1422] [=Theristus calcaneus Stekhoven, 1950] SPECIES Daptonema calceolatus (De Coninck & Stekhoven, 1933) [=Theristus calceolatus De Coninck & Stekhoven, 1933] SPECIES Daptonema circulus (Vitiello, 1971) [in subgenus Pseudotheristus] [=Theristus circulus Vitiello, 1971] SPECIES Daptonema circumscriptus (Wieser, 1959) [in subgenus Mesotheristus] [=Theristus circumscriptus Wieser, 1959] SPECIES Daptonema concordiense Pastor-de Ward, 1985:116 SPECIES Daptonema conicum Filipjev, 1922 [Redescription; Lorenzen 1977 p.230] [=Monhystera conica Filipev, 1922] [=Tubolaimus littoralis Allgén, 1929] [syn. Lorenzen 1977 p.230] SPECIES Daptonema crassissima (Ditlevsen, 1911) [syn. Coomans & Eyualem Abeb 2006 p.596; syn. of setosus?; Diagnostic; Andrássy 1993 p.9 as Mesotheristus] [=Monhystera crassissima Ditlevsen, 1911] SPECIES Daptonema curticauda (Chesunov, 1980):979 [=Cylindrotheristus curticauda Chesunov, 1980] SPECIES Daptonema curvatus (Gerlach, 1956) [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus curvatus Gerlach, 1956] SPECIES Daptonema curvispicula Tchesunov & Miljutin, 2006:68 [Arctic Ocean; praeocc.?] SPECIES Daptonema curvispiculum (Gerlach, 1953) [=Theristus curvispiculum Gerlach, 1953] SPECIES Daptonema dentatum Wieser, 1956 [Lorenzen 1977] [=Theristus dentatus Wieser, 1956] [in subgenus Cylindrotheristus; Wieser 1956] SPECIES Daptonema donsi (Allgén, 1948) [=Theristus donsi Allgén, 1948] SPECIES Daptonema dubius Bütschli, 1875 [Hopper 1969; Diagnostic; Andrássy 1993 p.9 as 1873] [=Monhystera dubia Bütschli, 1875] SPECIES Daptonema ecphygmaticus (Wieser, 1959) [in subgenus Cylindrotheristus] [=Theristus ecphygmaticus Wieser, 1959] SPECIES Daptonema elaboratus (Chitwood, 1951) [as Mesotheristus by Andrássy 1993 p.5] [=Theristus elaboratus Chitwood, 1951] SPECIES Daptonema elegans (Kreis, 1929) [=Theristus elegans Kreis, 1929] SPECIES Daptonema erectus (Wieser & Hopper, 1967) [in subgenus Trichotheristus; Hopper 1969] [=Theristus erectus Wieser & Hopper, 1967] SPECIES Daptonema eximius (Gagarin & Lemzina, 1981):773 [Diagnostic; Gagarin 1987 p.454] [=Cylindrotheristus eximius Gagarin & Lemzina, 1981] SPECIES Daptonema exutum Wieser, 1956 [Lorenzen 1977] [=Theristus exutus Wieser, 1956] [in subgenus Pseudotheristus] SPECIES Daptonema fallax (Lorenzen, 1972) [in subgenus Cylindrotheristus; Redescription; Lorenzen 1977 p.234] [=Theristus fallax Lorenzen, 1972] SPECIES Daptonema filicaudatus (Allgén, 1959) [=Theristus filicaudatus Allgén, 1959] SPECIES Daptonema filispiculum (Allgén, 1932) [Wieser 1956; in subgenus Daptonema] [=Monhystera filispiculum Allgén, 1932] SPECIES Daptonema fimbriatum Cobb, 1920 [Hopper 1969; redescription Wieser 1956] SPECIES Daptonema fissidens Cobb, 1920 [Wieser 1956; in subgenus Daptonema] SPECIES Daptonema fistulatus (Wieser & Hopper, 1967) [in subgenus Cylindrotheristus; Diagnostic; Pavljuk 1984 p.1148] [=Theristus fistulatus Wieser & Hopper, 1967] SPECIES Daptonema floridanus (Wieser & Hopper, 1967) [syn. Tchesunov 1990 p.18; was in Trichotheristus; as Mesotheristus by Andrássy 1993 p.5] [=Theristus floridanus Wieser & Hopper, 1967] SPECIES Daptonema fluviatilis (Paramonov, 1925) [as subspecies of setosus] [=Theristus fluviatilis Paramonov, 1925] SPECIES Daptonema fortis Gagarin, 1993:84 SPECIES Daptonema frigidus Cobb, 1914 [Wieser 1956] [=Monhystera frigida Cobb, 1914] SPECIES Daptonema furcatum Juario, 1974 [Redescription; Lorenzen 1977 p.236] SPECIES Daptonema gracillimecaudatus (Allgén, 1946) [as subspecies of normandicus; Wieser 1956] [=Theristus gracillimecaudatus Allgén, 1946] SPECIES Daptonema grahami (Allgén, 1959) [=Theristus grahami Allgén, 1959] SPECIES Daptonema gritsenkovi (Gagarin & Lemzina, 1981):773 [as Mesotheristus by Andrássy 1993 p.5] [=Cylindrotheristus gritsenkovi Gagarin & Lemzina, 1981] SPECIES Daptonema groenlandicus Ditlevsen, 1928 [Lorenzen 1972] [=Monhystera groenlandica Ditlevsen, 1928] SPECIES Daptonema gyrophorum Wieser, 1956 [Lorenzen 1977] [=Theristus gyrophorus Wieser, 1956] [in subgenus Cylindrotheristus] SPECIES Daptonema heterus (Gerlach, 1957) [syn. Tchesunov 1990 p.18; was in Trichotheristus; as Mesotheristus by Andrássy 1993 p.5] [=Theristus heterus Gerlach, 1957] SPECIES Daptonema hirsutus (Vitiello, 1967) [in subgenus Mesotheristus; Hopper 1969] [=Theristus hirsutus Vitiello, 1967] SPECIES Daptonema intermedius (Chesunov, 1980):977 [=Mesotheristus intermedius Chesunov, 1980] SPECIES Daptonema inversum Alekseyev, 1984:1420 SPECIES Daptonema issykkulensis (Gagarin & Lemzina, 1980):140 [=Cylindrotheristus issykkulensis Gagarin & Lemzina, 1980] SPECIES Daptonema karabugasensis (Chesunov, 1980):980 [=Cylindrotheristus karabugasensis Chesunov, 1980] SPECIES Daptonema kornoeense Allgén, 1929 [Redescription; Lorenzen 1977 p.232] [=Sphaerolaimus kornoeensis Allgén, 1929] SPECIES Daptonema latus Cobb, 1894 [Wieser 1956] [=Monhystera lata Cobb, 1894] SPECIES Daptonema laxum Wieser, 1956 [Lorenzen 1977] [=Theristus laxus Wieser, 1956] [in subgenus Mesotheristus] SPECIES Daptonema leptogastrelloides Riemann, 1979:219 SPECIES Daptonema leviculus (Lorenzen [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus leviculus Lorenzen] SPECIES Daptonema levis (Rieger & Ott, 1971) [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus levis Rieger & Ott, 1971] SPECIES Daptonema limnobia Wu & Liang, 2000:311 [Lake Donghu] SPECIES Daptonema longicaudatus (Filipjev, 1922) [=Theristus longicaudatus Filipjev, 1922] SPECIES Daptonema longissimecaudatus Kreis, 1935 [syn. Lorenzen 1977 p.245] SPECIES Daptonema lopezi Pastor-de Ward, 1985:119 SPECIES Daptonema macrocirculus (Allgén, 1959) [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus macrocirculus Allgén, 1959] SPECIES Daptonema maeoticus Filipjev, 1922 [Wieser 1956] SPECIES Daptonema marylandicus (Timm, 1952) [=Theristus marylandicus Timm, 1952] SPECIES Daptonema meridianus Cobb, 1914 [Filipjev 1922; syn. Timm 1978 p.245 as Pseudotheristus] [=Monhystera meridiana Cobb, 1914] SPECIES Daptonema metasetosus [=Cylindrotheristus metasetosus] SPECIES Daptonema miamiensis (Hopper, 1969) [=Cylindrotheristus miamiensis Hopper, 1969] SPECIES Daptonema microspiculum (Gerlach, 1953) [=Theristus microspiculum Gerlach, 1953] SPECIES Daptonema mirabilis (Stekhoven & De Coninck, 1933) [syn. Tchesunov 1990 p.18; was in Trichotheristus] [=Steineria mirabilis Stekhoven & De Coninck, 1933] SPECIES Daptonema modestum Tchesunov, 1990:109 SPECIES Daptonema nannospiculus (Chesunov, 1980):977 [=Mesotheristus nannospiculus Chesunov, 1980] SPECIES Daptonema nanum Lorenzen, 1972 [Lorenzen 1977] [=Theristus nanus Lorenzen, 1972] [in subgenus Cylindrotheristus] SPECIES Daptonema naviculivorus Cobb, 1930 [Wieser 1956] [=Monhystera naviculivora Cobb, 1930] SPECIES Daptonema normandicus de Man, 1890 [subsp metanidrosiensis?; Diagnostic; Gagarin & Lemzina 1981 p.773; as Mesotheristus by Andrássy 1993 p.5] [=Monhystera normandica de Man, 1890] [=Theristus paranormandicus Timm, 1952] SPECIES Daptonema norvegicus (Allgén, 1946) [Wieser 1956] [=Theristus norvegicus Allgén, 1946] [=Theristus metanorvegicus Wieser, 1956] [in subgenus Mesotheristus] SPECIES Daptonema notoistospiculoides (Allgén, 1959) [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus notoistospiculoides Allgén, 1959] SPECIES Daptonema notosetosus (Allgén, 1959) [=Theristus notosetosus Allgén, 1959] SPECIES Daptonema obesum Gagarin, 2001:14 [Honshu, Lake Biwa, In Russian] SPECIES Daptonema osadchikhae (Chesunov, 1980):976 [=Mesotheristus osadchikhae Chesunov, 1980] SPECIES Daptonema ostentator (Wieser & Hopper, 1967) [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus ostentator Wieser & Hopper, 1967] SPECIES Daptonema oxycercus de Man, 1888 [Wieser 1956; as Mesotheristus by Andrássy 1993 p.5] [=Monhystera oxycerca de Man, 1888] SPECIES Daptonema oxyuroides (Stekhoven, 1931) [Diagnostic; Gagarin & Lemzina 1981 p.774] [=Monhystera oxyuroides Stekhoven, 1931] SPECIES Daptonema papillatus (Murphy, 1965) [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus papillatus Murphy, 1965] SPECIES Daptonema paracircumscriptus (Fadeeva & Belogurov, 1987):17 [=Mesotheristus paracircumscriptus Fadeeva & Belogurov, 1987] SPECIES Daptonema paradonsi [=Cylindrotheristus paradonsi] SPECIES Daptonema paraelaboratus (Timm, 1952) [=Theristus paraelaboratus Timm, 1952] SPECIES Daptonema paratenuispiculum (Allgén, 1942) [=Monhystera paratenuispiculum Allgén, 1942] SPECIES Daptonema paratortus (Vitiello, 1971) [in subgenus Cylindrotheristus] [=Theristus paratortus Vitiello, 1971] SPECIES Daptonema paroistospiculoides (Allgén, 1959) [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus paroistospiculoides Allgén, 1959] SPECIES Daptonema planieris Vitiello, 1971 SPECIES Daptonema platonovae (Galtsova, 1976) [syn. Tchesunov 1990 p.8; as Mesotheristus by Andrássy 1993 p.5] [=Theristus platonovae Galtsova, 1976] SPECIES Daptonema polaris (Cobb, 1914) [Redescription; Timm 1978 p.244; as Mesotheristus by Andrássy 1993 p.5] [=Monhystera polaris Cobb, 1914] SPECIES Daptonema procerus (Gerlach, 1951) [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus procerus Gerlach, 1951] SPECIES Daptonema prominens (Vitiello, 1970) [=Mesotheristus prominens Vitiello, 1970] SPECIES Daptonema proprium Lorenzen, 1972 [Lorenzen 1977] [=Theristus proprius Lorenzen, 1972] [in subgenus Daptonema] SPECIES Daptonema psammoides (Warwick, 1970) [syn. Tchesunov 1990 p.18; was in Trichotheristus; Warwick & Trueman 2002 p.4] [=Thersitus psammoides Warwick, 1970] SPECIES Daptonema pseudotortus (Vitiello, 1971) [in subgenus Cylindrotheristus; as Mesotheristus by Andrássy 1993 p.5] [=Theristus pseudotortus Vitiello, 1971] SPECIES Daptonema rectangulatum Pastor-de Ward, 1985:114 SPECIES Daptonema resimus (Wieser, 1959) [in subgenus Cylindrotheristus] [=Theristus resimus Wieser, 1959] SPECIES Daptonema rigidum Gagarin, Nguyen Vu Thanh & Nguyen Thi Thu, 2005:212 [Vietnam] SPECIES Daptonema robustus (Chesunov, 1980):974 [=Mesotheristus robustus Chesunov, 1980] SPECIES Daptonema romanelloi Pastor-de Ward, 1985:118 SPECIES Daptonema rusticus (Kreis, 1929) [=Theristus rusticus Kreis, 1929] SPECIES Daptonema salvum Gagarin, Nguyen Vu Thanh & Nguyen Thi Thu, 2005:210 [Vietnam] SPECIES Daptonema sanctimarteni (Timm, 1957) [=Mesotheristus sanctimarteni Timm, 1957] SPECIES Daptonema septentrionalis (Cobb, 1914) [Wieser 1956; in subgenus Daptonema] [=Monhystera septentrionalis Cobb, 1914] SPECIES Daptonema setifer (Gerlach, 1952) [=Theristus setifer Gerlach, 1952] SPECIES Daptonema setosus Bütschli, 1874 [Wieser 1956; setosa?] [=Monhystera crassoides Micoletzky, 1913] [=Theristus gerlachi Meyl, 1955] [as subspecies of setosus] [=Monhystera gracillima Cobb, 1894] [praeocc.?] [=Theristus hirtus Gerlach, 1951] [=Theristus izhoricus Filipjev, 1929] [as subspecies of setosus] [=Theristus pseudosetosus Filipjev, 1918] [=Monhystera sentiens Cobb, 1914] [=Monhystera setosa Bütschli, 1874] [=Theristus subsetosus W. Schneider, 1943] [valid by Andrássy 1981 p.18] [=Allomonhystera tripapillata Micoletzky, 1923] SPECIES Daptonema simplex (Allgén, 1959) [=Theristus simplex Allgén, 1959] SPECIES Daptonema sinuosus (Wieser, 1959) [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus sinuosus Wieser, 1959] SPECIES Daptonema sphaerolaimoides (Schulz, 1932) [in subgenus Theristus] [=Monhystera sphaerolaimoides Schulz, 1932] SPECIES Daptonema sphaerolaimus (Allgén, 1935) [=Monhystera sphaerolaimus Allgén, 1935] SPECIES Daptonema spirus (Gerlach, 1959) [=Theristus spirus Gerlach, 1959] SPECIES Daptonema stricta (Gerlach, 1956) [syn. Riemann 1979 p.222] [=Leptogastrella stricta Gerlach, 1956] SPECIES Daptonema svalbardense Gerlach, 1965 [Redescription; Lorenzen 1977 p.237] [=Theristus svalbardensis Gerlach, 1965] SPECIES Daptonema tenuispiculum (Ditlevsen, 1918) [Wieser 1956] [=Monhystera tenuispiculum Ditlevsen, 1918] [=Monhystera metademani] SPECIES Daptonema timoshkini (Gagarin, 2001) [syn. Coomans & Eyualem Abeb 2006 p.598] [=Mongolotheristus timoshkini Gagarin, 2001] SPECIES Daptonema tortus (Wieser & Hopper, 1967) [in subgenus Cylindrotheristus] [=Theristus tortus Wieser & Hopper, 1967] SPECIES Daptonema trabeculosus G. Schneider, 1906 [Wieser 1956;Redescription; Lorenzen 1977 p.239] [=Monhystera oxyurioides Stekhoven, 1931] [syn. Lorenzen 1977 p.239] [=Monhystera trabeculosa G. Schneider, 1906] SPECIES Daptonema trecuspidatus Wieser, 1959 SPECIES Daptonema trichinus (Gerlach, 1956) [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus trichinus Gerlach, 1956] SPECIES Daptonema trichospiculum (Allgén, 1933) [Wieser 1956; in subgenus Daptonema] [=Monhystera trichospiculum Allgén, 1933] SPECIES Daptonema trichuroides (Allgén, 1935) [Wieser 1956; syn. of Daptonema trichuroides (Kreis 1935) by Lorenzen 1977 p.245] [=Monhystera trichuroides Allgén, 1935] [=Monhystera scanica Allgén, 1942] SPECIES Daptonema uncinatus (Wieser, 1959) [in subgenus Daptonema] [=Theristus uncinatus Wieser, 1959] SPECIES Daptonema variasetosus (Pavljuk, 1984):1147 [West-Pacific; Cylindrotheristus] [=Theristus variasetosus Pavljuk, 1984] SPECIES Daptonema vicinus Riemann, 1966 [as Mesotheristus by Andrássy 1993 p.6] SPECIES Daptonema voskresenskii Tchesunov, 1990:5 [as Mesotheristus by Andrássy 1993 p.6] SPECIES Daptonema williamsi Vincx & Coomans, 1983:237 SPECIES Daptonema xyaliforme Wieser & Hopper, 1967 [Redescription; Lorenzen 1977 p.241] [=Cylindrotheristus minutus Juario, 1974] [syn. Lorenzen 1977 p.241] [=Theristus xyaliformis Wieser & Hopper, 1967] [in subgenus Cylindrotheristus] GENUS Echinotheristus Thun & Tiemann, 1967 [Diagnostic; Blome 2002 p.35] SPECIES Echinotheristus cimbricus Thun & Riemann, 1967 SPECIES Echinotheristus teutonicus Thun & Riemann, 1967 GENUS Elzalia Gerlach, 1957 [=Megalolaimus Timm, 1961:40] [type is speculifer] SPECIES Elzalia federici Castillo-Fernández & Lambshead, 1990:68 TYPE SPECIES Elzalia floresi Gerlach, 1957 [Brazil] SPECIES Elzalia gerlachi Zhang & Zhang, 2006:1050 [China; marine] SPECIES Elzalia kimae Castillo-Fernández & Lambshead, 1990:68 SPECIES Elzalia mediterranea Vitiello, 1971 SPECIES Elzalia poli Castillo-Fernández & Lambshead, 1990:66 SPECIES Elzalia speculifer (Timm, 1961) [=Megalolaimus speculifer Timm, 1961] SPECIES Elzalia striatitenuis Zhang & Zhang, 2006:1055 [China; marine] SPECIES Elzalia tenuis (Allgén, 1959) [=Filipjeviella tenuis Allgén, 1959] GENUS Enchonema Bussau, 1993 TYPE SPECIES Enchonema umbrosum Bussau, 1993 GENUS Filipjeva Ditlevsen, 1928a [Xyalidae by Andrássy; orig. Oncholaimidae] SPECIES Filipjeva arctica Ditlevsen, 1928 SPECIES Filipjeva crucis Blome & Schräge, 1985 [Antarctica] SPECIES Filipjeva filipjevi Tchesunov, 1988:16 SPECIES Filipjeva mediterranea Stekhoven, 1950 SPECIES Filipjeva meridionalis Kreis, 1932 SPECIES Filipjeva parameridionalis Vitiello, 1970 SPECIES Filipjeva teratospicula Tchesunov, 1988:19 GENUS Gnomoxyala Lorenzen, 1977:256 SPECIES Gnomoxyala spina Lorenzen, 1977:257 GENUS Gonionchus Cobb, 1920 SPECIES Gonionchus africanus Vincx & Furstenberg, 1988:498 SPECIES Gonionchus alastairi Stewart & Nicholas, 1994:95 SPECIES Gonionchus arabica Nasira & Turpeenniemi, 2003:2 SPECIES Gonionchus australis Stewart & Nicholas, 1994:92 SPECIES Gonionchus cumbraensis Benwell, 1981:181 SPECIES Gonionchus heipi Vincx, 1986:256 SPECIES Gonionchus inaequalis Warwick & Platt, 1973 SPECIES Gonionchus intermedius Jensen, 1986:2 SPECIES Gonionchus latentis Fadeeva, 1984:44 SPECIES Gonionchus longicaudatus Ward, 1972 [Redescription; Vincx 1986 p.260] SPECIES Gonionchus paravillosus Blome, 1982:68 SPECIES Gonionchus sensibilis Lorenzen, 1977:213 SPECIES Gonionchus villosus Cobb, 1920 [Redescription Vincx 1981 p.440] GENUS Gullanema Nicholas & Stewart, 1995:48 [Type is G. fragilis] SPECIES Gullanema fragilis Nicholas & Stewart, 1995:48 GENUS Linhystera Juario, 1974 SPECIES Linhystera longa Pastor-de Ward, 1985:119 SPECIES Linhystera problematica Juario, 1974 GENUS Manganonema Bussau, 1993:318 SPECIES Manganonema antarctica Fonseca, Decraemer & Vanreusel, 2006:194 [Antarctic Ocean] SPECIES Manganonema bussauensis Fonseca, Decraemer & Vanreusel, 2006:197 [North Atlantic] SPECIES Manganonema media Fonseca, Decraemer & Vanreusel, 2006:191 [Brazil; marine] TYPE SPECIES Manganonema microcephalum Bussau, 1993:319 [East Pacific; 4100-4200m] SPECIES Manganonema pitilica Fonseca, Decraemer & Vanreusel, 2006:194 [Brazil; marine] SPECIES Manganonema robustus Fonseca, Decraemer & Vanreusel, 2006:194 [Brazil; marine] GENUS Marisalbinema Tchesunov, 1990:101 [Type is M. galtsovae] SPECIES Marisalbinema galtsovae Tchesunov, 1990:103 GENUS Metadesmolaimus Stekhoven, 1935 [Diagnostic; Platt 1983 p.367] SPECIES Metadesmolaimus aduncus Lorenzen, 1972 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Metadesmolaimus aversivulva Gerlach, 1953 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Metadesmolaimus caniculus Wieser & Hopper, 1967 [Redescription; Fadeeva & Belogurov 1987 p.17] [=Paramonohystera canicula Wieser & Hopper, 1967] SPECIES Metadesmolaimus coronatus Stekhoven, 1950 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Metadesmolaimus Daptonemagelana Warwick & Platt, 1973 [syn. Lorenzen 1977 p.206] SPECIES Metadesmolaimus gaelicus Platt, 1983:364 SPECIES Metadesmolaimus galeatus (Wieser & Hopper, 1967) [syn. Tchesunov 1990 p.18; was in Trichotheristus] [=Theristus galeatus Wieser & Hopper, 1967] SPECIES Metadesmolaimus hamatus (Gerlach, 1956) [Lorenzen 1972] [=Theristus hamatus Gerlach, 1956] SPECIES Metadesmolaimus heteroclitus Lorenzen, 1972 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Metadesmolaimus labiosetosus Stekhoven, 1935 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Metadesmolaimus pandus Lorenzen, 1972 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Metadesmolaimus psammophilus Tchesunov, 1990:10 SPECIES Metadesmolaimus similis Tchesunov, 1990:114 SPECIES Metadesmolaimus tersus (Gerlach, 1956) [Lorenzen 1972] [=Theristus tersus Gerlach, 1956] SPECIES Metadesmolaimus varians Lorenzen, 1972 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] GENUS Paragonionchus Blome, 2002:40 [Type is Paragonionchus sclerolabiatus] SPECIES Paragonionchus sclerolabiatus Blome, 2002:41 [New South Wales (marine)] GENUS Paramonohystera Steiner, 1916 [=Paramonhystera] [misspelling ZR] SUBGENUS Leptogastrella Cobb, 1920:912 SPECIES Leptogastrella elliptica (Filipjev, 1918) [in subgenus Leptogastrella] [=Paramonohystera elliptica Filipjev, 1918] [=Paramonohystera setosa Filipjev, 1918] SPECIES Leptogastrella halerba (Fadeeva & Belogurov, 1987):20 [=Paramonohystera halerba Fadeeva & Belogurov, 1987] SPECIES Leptogastrella paranormandica (Micoletzky, 1922) [in subgenus Theristus; Leptogastrella] [=Monhystera paranormandica Micoletzky, 1922] SPECIES Leptogastrella pellucida (Cobb, 1920) [redescription Wieser 1956; in subgenus Leptogastrella] [=Paramonohystera pellucida Cobb, 1920] SPECIES Leptogastrella tschislenkoi (Platonova, 1971) [in subgenus Leptogastrella] [=Paramonohystera tschislenkoi Platonova, 1971] SUBGENUS Paramonohystera Steiner, 1916 SPECIES Paramonohystera biforma Wieser, 1956 [in subgenus Paramonohystera; Redescription; Chen & Vincx 2000 p.16] SPECIES Paramonohystera canicula Wieser & Hopper, 1967 [Redescription; Fadeeva & Belogurov 1987 p.17] SPECIES Paramonohystera concinna Lorenzen, 1977:249 SPECIES Paramonohystera geraerti (Chen & Vincx, 2000):14 [Chile, Strait Of Magellan] [=Paramonhystera geraerti Chen & Vincx, 2000] SPECIES Paramonohystera levicula Lorenzen, 1972 [Lorenzen 1977 p.251] [=Theristus leviculus Lorenzen, 1973] [in subgenus Daptonema] SPECIES Paramonohystera longicaudata Timm, 1963 [in subgenus Paramonohystera] SPECIES Paramonohystera megacephala (Steiner, 1916) [in subgenus Paramonohystera; Wieser 1956; Redescription; Chen & Vincx 2000 p.19] [=Monhystera megacephala Steiner, 1916] SPECIES Paramonohystera micramphis Stekhoven, 1950 [in subgenus Paramonohystera] SPECIES Paramonohystera mystacoderma Wieser, 1960 SPECIES Paramonohystera parabutschlii (Timm, 1961) [in subgenus Daptonema; Description; Pastor de Ward 1985 p.123] [=Theristus parabutschlii Timm, 1961] SPECIES Paramonohystera proteus Wieser, 1956 [in subgenus Paramonohystera] SPECIES Paramonohystera zizichi (Pastor de Ward, 1985):122 [Argentina; marine] [=Paramonhystera zizichi Pastor de Ward, 1985] GENUS Paramphimonhystrella Huang & Zhang, 2006:6 TYPE SPECIES Paramphimonhystrella elegans Huang & Zhang, 2006:6 [China; marine] SPECIES Paramphimonhystrella minor Huang & Zhang, 2006:8 [China; marine] SPECIES Paramphimonhystrella sinica Huang & Zhang, 2006:13 [China; marine] GENUS Parelzalia Tchesunov, 1990 [Type is P. obscuramphis; Chesunov] SPECIES Parelzalia obscuramphis Tchesunov, 1990:108 GENUS Promonhystera Wieser, 1956 SPECIES Promonhystera faber Wieser, 1956 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Promonhystera tricuspidata Wieser, 1956 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] GENUS Prorhynchonema Gourbault, 1982 SPECIES Prorhynchonema gourbaultae Nicholas & Stewart, 1995:58 SPECIES Prorhynchonema warwicki Gourbault, 1982:84 GENUS Pseudechinotheristus Blome, 2002:35 [Type is Pseudechinotheristus nudus] SPECIES Pseudechinotheristus nudus Blome, 2002:35 [Queensland (marine)] GENUS Pseudosteineria Wieser, 1956 SPECIES Pseudosteineria anteferens (Wieser, 1956) [in subgenus Pseudosteineria] [=Theristus anteferens Wieser, 1956] SPECIES Pseudosteineria anticipans (Wieser, 1956) [in subgenus Pseudosteineria] [=Theristus anticipans Wieser, 1956] SPECIES Pseudosteineria coronata Gerlach, 1955 [Wieser 1959] [=Theristus coronatus Gerlach, 1955] [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] [=Theristus metacoronatus Wieser, 1959] [in subgenus Pseudosteineria] SPECIES Pseudosteineria horrida (Steiner, 1916) [Wieser 1956; Redescription; Tchesunov 2000 p.282] [=Monhystera horrida Steiner, 1916] SPECIES Pseudosteineria inaequispiculata (Platonova, 1971) [Gerlach & Riemann 1973; Redescription; Fadeyeva & Fadeeva 1986 p.6] [=Theristus inaequispiculata Platonova, 1971] SPECIES Pseudosteineria paramirabilis (Gerlach, 1955) [syn. Tchesunov 1990 p.18; Trichotheristus] [=Steineria paramirabilis Gerlach, 1955] SPECIES Pseudosteineria pavo (Gerlach, 1957) [syn. Fadeyeva & Fadeeva 1986 p.4] [=Steineria pavo Gerlach, 1957] SPECIES Pseudosteineria pulchra (Mawson, 1957) [syn. Fadeyeva & Fadeeva 1986 p.4] [=Steineria pulchra Mawson, 1957] SPECIES Pseudosteineria sagittispiculata Fadeyeva & Fadeeva, 1986:5 SPECIES Pseudosteineria scopae (Gerlach, 1956) [Wieser 1959] [=Steineria scopae Gerlach, 1956] SPECIES Pseudosteineria ventropapillata Tchesunov, 2000:284 [White Sea, Kandalaksha Bay, Kindo Peninsula] GENUS Retrotheristus Lorenzen, 1977 TYPE SPECIES Retrotheristus breviseta (Juario, 1974) [ Redescription; Lorenzen 1977 p.255] [=Paramonohystera breviseta Juario, 1974] GENUS Rhynchonema Cobb, 1920 SPECIES Rhynchonema amakusanum Aryuthaka, 1987 [Japan] SPECIES Rhynchonema brevituba Gerlach, 1953 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Rhynchonema chiloense Lorenzen, 1975 SPECIES Rhynchonema cinctum Cobb, 1920 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Rhynchonema collare Nicholas & Stewart, 1995:50 SPECIES Rhynchonema deconincki Vitiello, 1967 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Rhynchonema dispar Gourbault, 1982 SPECIES Rhynchonema fossum Lorenzen, 1975 [Diagnostic; Huang & Liu 2002 p.179] SPECIES Rhynchonema gerlachi Vitiello, 1967 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Rhynchonema hirsutum Hopper, 1961 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Rhynchonema impar Lorenzen, 1975 SPECIES Rhynchonema kikuchii Aryuthaka, 1987 [Japan] SPECIES Rhynchonema longituba Gerlach, 1953 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Rhynchonema lyngei (Allgén, 1940) [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] [=Leptolaimus lyngei Allgén, 1940] SPECIES Rhynchonema ornatum Lorenzen, 1975 [Diagnostic; Huang & Liu 2002 p.179] SPECIES Rhynchonema scutatum Lorenzen, 1972 [Diagnostic; Huang & Liu 2002 p.179] SPECIES Rhynchonema sieverti Gourbault, 1982:81 SPECIES Rhynchonema subsetosum Murphy, 1964 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Rhynchonema tomakinense Nicholas & Stewart, 1995:54 SPECIES Rhynchonema tremendum Lorenzen, 1975 SPECIES Rhynchonema wieseri Hopper, 1961 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Rhynchonema xiamenensis Huang & Liu, 2002:177 [Fujian (marine), In Chinese, English p 180] GENUS Robustnema Nicholas, 1996:161 TYPE SPECIES Robustnema fosteri Nicholas, 1996:161 GENUS Sacrimarinema Shoshin, 2001:253 SPECIES Sacrimarinema allae Shoshin, 2001:255 [Lake Baikal, Utulik River mouth] SPECIES Sacrimarinema ljajiae Shoshin, 2001:255 [Lake Baikal, Murino River mouth] TYPE SPECIES Sacrimarinema tatushae Shoshin, 2001:253 [ Lake Baikal, Murino River mouth] GENUS Sphaerotheristus Timm, 1968:157 SPECIES Sphaerotheristus bengalensis Timm, 1968 SPECIES Sphaerotheristus macrostoma (Timm, 1963) [1968?] [=Cobbia macrostoma Timm, 1963] SPECIES Sphaerotheristus pseudodentatus Timm, 1968 SPECIES Sphaerotheristus sonadiae Timm, 1968 SPECIES Sphaerotheristus supoti Timm, 1968 GENUS Spiramphinema Wieser, 1957:106 [not valid, see Lorenzen 1981] SPECIES Spiramphinema convolutum Wieser, 1956 SPECIES Spiramphinema longiseta Wieser, 1956 SPECIES Spiramphinema microcephalon (Stekhoven, 1942) [=Monhystera microcephalon Stekhoven, 1942] GENUS Steineria Micoletzky, 1922 [in Xyalidae by Andrássy as subgenus of Monhystera] SPECIES Steineria aegyptica Andrássy, 1959 SPECIES Steineria ampullacea Wieser & Hopper, 1967 SPECIES Steineria brevisetosa Timm, 1957 [syn. Timm 1978 p.243; as subspecies of pilosa] SPECIES Steineria ericia Gerlach, 1956 SPECIES Steineria gerlachi Wieser, 1956 SPECIES Steineria longicaudata Vitiello, 1971 SPECIES Steineria marcorum Gerlach, 1956 SPECIES Steineria parapolychaeta Gerlach, 1953 SPECIES Steineria pectinata Wieser, 1956 SPECIES Steineria phimifera Wieser, 1959 SPECIES Steineria pilosa (Cobb, 1914) [=Monhystera pilosa Cobb, 1914] [=Steineria chiliensis Murphy, 1966] [syn. Lorenzen 1978 p.58] [=Steineria cobbi Wieser, 1956] [syn. Lorenzen 1978 p.58] SPECIES Steineria polychaeta Steiner, 1915 [Micoletzky 1922] [=Monhystera polycaeta Steiner, 1915] SPECIES Steineria polychaetoides Gerlach, 1951 SPECIES Steineria pontica Groza-Rojancovski, 1972 SPECIES Steineria punctata Gerlach, 1955 SPECIES Steineria setosissima (Cobb, 1894) [=Monhystera setosissima Cobb, 1894] SPECIES Steineria simplex Timm, 1963 SPECIES Steineria sterrei Ott, 1977 SPECIES Steineria tripartita Gerlach, 1957 GENUS Stylotheristus Lorenzen, 1977:252 SPECIES Stylotheristus mutilus Lorenzen, 1973 [Lorenzen 1977] [=Paramonhystera mutila Lorenzen, 1973] GENUS Theristus Bastian, 1865c SUBGENUS Penzancia de Man, 1889 [=Panzancia] [misspelling in ZR] SPECIES Penzancia acribus (Gerlach, 1956) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus acribus Gerlach, 1956] SPECIES Penzancia aculeatus (Schulz, 1935) [in subgenus Penzancia; Description; Blome 1982 p.81; Redescription; Bussau 1990 p.191] [=Theristus aculeatus Schulz, 1935] SPECIES Penzancia agilis (de Man, 1880) [Filipjev 1918; in subgenus Penzancia; Diagnostic; Riemann 1979 p.217] [=Monhystera agilis de Man, 1880] [=Monhystera macrocephala Rahm, 1924] SPECIES Penzancia ambronensis (Schulz, 1936) [in subgenus Penzancia; syn. Andrássy 1985 p.6] [=Theristus ambronensis Schulz, 1936] SPECIES Penzancia anoxybioticus (Jensen, 1995):231 [=Theristus anoxybioticus Jensen, 1995] SPECIES Penzancia athesinus (Andrássy, 1962) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus athesinus Andrássy, 1962] SPECIES Penzancia biarcospiculoides (Blome, 1982):81 [=Theristus biarcospiculoides Blome, 1982] SPECIES Penzancia biarcospiculum (Timm, 1952) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus biarcospiculum Timm, 1952] SPECIES Penzancia bipunctatus G. Schneider, 1906 [Filipjev 1929; in subgenus Penzancia] [=Monhystera bipunctata G. Schneider, 1906] SPECIES Penzancia blandicor (Rachor, 1971) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus blandicor Rachor, 1971] SPECIES Penzancia borosi (Andrássy, 1958) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus borosi Andrássy, 1958] SPECIES Penzancia bujumbura Tsalolichin in Tsalolikhin, 1989:13 [Lake-Tanganyika] SPECIES Penzancia calx (Wieser & Hopper, 1967) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus calx Wieser & Hopper, 1967] SPECIES Penzancia darkovi Tsalolikhin, 1993:38 SPECIES Penzancia flevensis (Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1935) [Redescription; Nasira & Turpeenniemi 2003 p.4] [=Theristus flevensis Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1935] SPECIES Penzancia helveticus Steiner, 1914 [=Monhystera helvetica Steiner, 1914] [syn. Andrássy 1981 p.17;] SPECIES Penzancia inermis (Gerlach, 1953) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus inermis Gerlach, 1953] SPECIES Penzancia kaszabi (Andrássy, 1977) [=Theristus kaszabi Andrássy, 1977] SPECIES Penzancia lineatus (Gerlach, 1965) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus lineatus Gerlach, 1965] SPECIES Penzancia lingi (Hoeppli & Chu, 1932) [Andrássy 1960; in subgenus Penzancia] [=Microlaimoides lingi Hoeppli & Chu, 1932] SPECIES Penzancia longisetifer (Kito & Aryuthaka, 1998):130 [Chanthaburi] [=Theristus longisetifer Kito & Aryuthaka, 1998] SPECIES Penzancia longisetosus (Stekhoven & de Coninck, 1933) [syn. Lorenzen 1977 p.222; in subgenus Mesotheristus = Daptonema] [=Theristus longisetosus Stekhoven & de Coninck, 1933] SPECIES Penzancia longispicula Platonova, 1971 [in subgenus Penzancia] SPECIES Penzancia lorenzeni (Pastor-de Ward, 1985):126 [=Theristus lorenzeni Pastor-de Ward, 1985] SPECIES Penzancia macroflevensis (Gerlach, 1954) [in subgenus Penzancia; Diagnostic; Chesunov 1981 p.68] [=Theristus macroflevensis Gerlach, 1954] SPECIES Penzancia maior (Gerlach, 1956) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus maior Gerlach, 1956] SPECIES Penzancia marinae (Chesunov, 1981):65 [=Theristus marinae Chesunov, 1981] SPECIES Penzancia megalaimoides (Wieser, 1956) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus megalaimoides Wieser, 1956] SPECIES Penzancia megalaimus Stewart, 1914 [Wieser 1956; in subgenus Penzancia] [=Monhystera megalaima Stewart, 1914] SPECIES Penzancia metaflevensis (Gerlach, 1955) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus metaflevensis Gerlach, 1955] SPECIES Penzancia meyli (Riemann, 1966) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus meyli Riemann, 1966] SPECIES Penzancia neglectus Cobb, 1930 [Wieser 1956; in subgenus Penzancia] [=Monhystera neglecta Cobb, 1930] SPECIES Penzancia norwegicus Allgén, 1933 [Wieser 1956; in subgenus Penzancia] [=Monhystera norwegica Allgén, 1933] SPECIES Penzancia oistospiculum (Allgén, 1932) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Monhystera oistospiculum Allgén, 1932] SPECIES Penzancia parambronensis (Timm, 1952) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus parambronensis Timm, 1952] SPECIES Penzancia parasiticus Penso, 1938 [=Monhystera parasitica Penso, 1938] [syn. Andrássy 1981 p.17] SPECIES Penzancia paravelox Allgén, 1934 [in subgenus Penzancia] SPECIES Penzancia parvulus (Timm, 1952) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus parvulus Timm, 1952] SPECIES Penzancia pellucidus (Allgén, 1939) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus pellucidus Allgén, 1939] SPECIES Penzancia polychaetophilus (Hopper, 1966) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus polychaetophilus Hopper, 1966] SPECIES Penzancia pratti (Murphy & Canaris, 1964) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus pratti Murphy & Canaris, 1964] SPECIES Penzancia pyronasi (Gerlach, 1965) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus pyronasi Gerlach, 1965] SPECIES Penzancia quadripapillatus (Decraemer & Coomans, 1978):512 [incertaesedis] [=Theristus quadripapillatus Decraemer & Coomans, 1978] SPECIES Penzancia ruffoi (Andrássy, 1959) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus ruffoi Andrássy, 1959] SPECIES Penzancia scanicus (Allgén, 1949) [in subgenus Penzancia; Diagnostic; Riemann 1979 p.218] [=Theristus scanicus Allgén, 1949] [=Theristus heteroscanicus Wieser in Brink, 1956] [et al.] SPECIES Penzancia stranus (Gerlach, 1957) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus stranus Gerlach, 1957] SPECIES Penzancia terricola Andrássy, 1985:3 SPECIES Penzancia tessae (Heyns & Coomans, 1989):95 [=Theristus tessae Heyns & Coomans, 1989] SPECIES Penzancia velox Bastian, 1865 [in subgenus Penzancia] SPECIES Penzancia vesentiniae (Andrássy, 1962) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus vesentiniae Andrássy, 1962] SPECIES Penzancia wegelinae (Andrássy, 1962) [in subgenus Penzancia] [=Theristus wegelinae Andrássy, 1962] SUBGENUS Theristus Bastian, 1865c TYPE SPECIES Theristus acer Bastian, 1865c:156 [ in subgenus Theristus; Redescription; Bussau 1990 p.191] [=Theristus steineri Filipjev, 1922] SPECIES Theristus acriformis (de Man, 1922) [in subgenus Theristus] [=Monhystera acriformis de Man, 1922] SPECIES Theristus altenbachi Jensen, 1991:74 SPECIES Theristus anisocirculus Blome, 1982:71 SPECIES Theristus anisotrichus Lorenzen, 1972 [in subgenus Theristus] SPECIES Theristus asymetricus Vitiello, 1967 [in subgenus Theristus] SPECIES Theristus bastiani [in subgenus Theristus] [=Theristus gerlachi Wieser, 1956] SPECIES Theristus bathylaimoides Allgén, 1959 SPECIES Theristus bidontolaimus Allgén, 1959 SPECIES Theristus brachysetosus Allgén, 1959 SPECIES Theristus brevicollis (Cobb, 1894) [incertaesedis] [=Monhystera brevicollis Cobb, 1894] SPECIES Theristus brevisetosus Alekseev in Alexeev, 1992:12 SPECIES Theristus caudasaliens Adams & Tyler, 1980:273 SPECIES Theristus chitinolaimus Allgén, 1932 [=Monhystera chitinolaima Allgén, 1932] SPECIES Theristus conicaudatus Allgén, 1959 [in subgenus Theristus] SPECIES Theristus copulatus Jensen, 1986:3 SPECIES Theristus denticulatus Warwick, 1970 [in subgenus Theristus] SPECIES Theristus diversispiculum Gerlach, 1953 [in subgenus Theristus] SPECIES Theristus ensifer Gerlach, 1951 [in subgenus Theristus] SPECIES Theristus falklandiae Allgén, 1959 SPECIES Theristus flevensis Stekhoven, 1935 [Redescription; Nasira & Turpeenniemi 2003 p.4] SPECIES Theristus franzbergeri Schiemer, 1984 SPECIES Theristus gracilis (de Man, 1876) [Filipjev 1918; in subgenus Theristus] [=Monhystera gracilis de Man, 1876] SPECIES Theristus heterospiculoides Gerlach, 1953 [in subgenus Theristus] SPECIES Theristus heterospiculum (Allgén, 1932) [Gerlach 1953; in subgenus Theristus] [=Monhystera heterospiculum Allgén, 1932] SPECIES Theristus interstitialis Warwick, 1970 [in subgenus Theristus; incertaesedis] SPECIES Theristus latissimus Filipjev, 1922 SPECIES Theristus leptosoma Allgén, 1950 [in subgenus Theristus] SPECIES Theristus littoralis Filipjev, 1922 [in subgenus Theristus] SPECIES Theristus longicaudatusviviparus Allgén, 1952 SPECIES Theristus longicollis Blome, 1982:74 SPECIES Theristus macropapillatus Allgén, 1959 SPECIES Theristus manicatus Wieser, 1956 [in subgenus Theristus] SPECIES Theristus maspapillatus Cobb, 1891 [Filipjev 1918] [=Monhystera maspapillata Cobb, 1891] SPECIES Theristus melnikovi Tchesunov, 1986:1782 SPECIES Theristus modicus Wieser, 1956 [in subgenus Theristus] SPECIES Theristus monstrosus Gerlach, 1954 SPECIES Theristus nidrosiensis (Allgén, 1933) [=Monhystera nidrosiensis Allgén, 1933] SPECIES Theristus obtusicephalus Stekhoven, 1950 SPECIES Theristus otoplanobius Gerlach, 1951 [in subgenus Theristus; Redescription; Nasira & Turpeenniemi 2003 p.4] SPECIES Theristus pacificus Johnston, 1938 [Filipjev 1918; incertaesedis] [=Monhystera pacifica Johnston, 1938] SPECIES Theristus pannonicus Andrássy, 1985:7 [Redescription; Gagarin & Holovachov 2002 p.85] SPECIES Theristus parasetosus Allgén, 1928 [in subgenus Theristus] [=Monhystera parasetosa Allgén, 1928] SPECIES Theristus pertenuis Bresslau & Stekhoven in Stekhoven, 1935 SPECIES Theristus pictus Gerlach, 1951 [in subgenus Theristus] SPECIES Theristus problematicus Allgén, 1928 [1927?; Wieser 1956; in subgenus Theristus] [=Monhystera problematica Allgén, 1928] SPECIES Theristus profundus Blome, 1982:78 SPECIES Theristus rezaki Jensen, 1986:4 SPECIES Theristus rhynchonemoides Hopper, 1961 [in subgenus Theristus] SPECIES Theristus roscoffiensis Vitiello, 1967 [in subgenus Theristus] SPECIES Theristus sabulicola (Filipjev, 1918) [=Cobbia sabulicola Filipjev, 1918] SPECIES Theristus stichotricha Stekhoven, 1950 SPECIES Theristus strandi Allgén, 1934 SPECIES Theristus strelzovi Galtsova, Platonova, Streltsova & Petukhov, 1980:21 SPECIES Theristus subacer Pavljuk, 1984:1146 SPECIES Theristus subcurvatus Lorenzen, 1977:216 SPECIES Theristus tenuicaudatus Allgén, 1951 SPECIES Theristus wimmeri Wieser, 1959 [in subgenus Theristus] SUBGENUS Wieserius Chitwood & Murphy, 1964 TYPE SPECIES Wieserius fimbriatoides (Chitwood & Murphy, 1964) [ Gerlach & Riemann 1973; in subgenus Wieserius] [=Theristus fimbriatoides Chitwood & Murphy, 1964] GENUS Trichotheristus Weiser, 1956 SPECIES Trichotheristus articulatus Huang & Zhang, 2006:44 [China; marine] TYPE SPECIES Trichotheristus mirabilis (Stekhoven & De Conink, 1933) [ Steineria by Lorenzen 1977] [=Theristus mirabilis Stekhoven & De Conink, 1933] GENUS Valvaelaimus Lorenzen, 1977:199 SPECIES Valvaelaimus euxinus Filipjev, 1918 [syn. Lorenzen 1977 p.199; Daptonema] [=Penzancia euxina Filipjev, 1918] SPECIES Valvaelaimus maior Gerlach, 1956 [Redescription; Lorenzen 1977 p.200] GENUS Xenolaimus Cobb, 1920 SPECIES Xenolaimus pauroamphus Nichols, 1979:154 SPECIES Xenolaimus striatus Cobb, 1920 [redescription Wieser & Hopper 1967] GENUS Xyala Cobb, 1920 [=Neotheristus Schultz, 1938:115] [type is cancellatus = striata] [=Omicronema Cobb, 1920] [syn. Vincx & Furstenberg 1988 p.511] SPECIES Xyala aestuariensis Vincx & Furstenberg, 1988:501 SPECIES Xyala australis (Stewart & Nicholas, 1994):105 [=Omicronema australis Stewart & Nicholas, 1994] SPECIES Xyala barbata Ward, 1972 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Xyala brevibucca Stewart & Nicholas, 1994:98 SPECIES Xyala clavulatum (Gerlach, 1957) [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] [=Omicronema clavulatum Gerlach, 1957] SPECIES Xyala coronalata (Stewart & Nicholas, 1994):108 [=Omicronema coronalata Stewart & Nicholas, 1994] SPECIES Xyala exigua Wieser, 1956 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Xyala hanleyi Stewart & Nicholas, 1994:101 SPECIES Xyala imparis Boucher & Helléouët, 1977 [Redescription; Vincx & Furstenberg 1988 p.505] SPECIES Xyala litorium (Cobb, 1920) [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] [=Omicronema litorium Cobb, 1920] SPECIES Xyala longicaudata Ward, 1972 [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Xyala macramphis Stewart & Nicholas, 1994:103 SPECIES Xyala nana (Stewart & Nicholas, 1994):111 [=Omicronema nana Stewart & Nicholas, 1994] SPECIES Xyala nidrosiense (Allgén, 1933) [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] [=Omicronema nidrosiense Allgén, 1933] SPECIES Xyala oxybiotica Jensen, 1986:5 SPECIES Xyala psammonalis Vincx & Furstenberg, 1988:503 SPECIES Xyala smo Warwick & Platt, 1973 SPECIES Xyala striata Cobb, 1920 [Redescription; Vincx & Furstenberg 1988 p.507; Redescription; Nichols 1979 p.155] [=Neotheristus cancellatus Schulz, 1938] [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] SPECIES Xyala truncatum (Stekhoven, 1950) [Gerlach & Riemann 1973] [=Omicronema truncatum Stekhoven, 1950]