FAMILY Syngamidae Leiper, 1912 [=Syngameae Railliet & Henry, 1909b] SUBFAMILY Archeostrongylinae Chabaud, 1958 GENUS Archeostrongylus Biocca & Ferretti, 1958 SPECIES Archeostrongylus italicus Biocca & Ferretti, 1958 SUBFAMILY Stephanurinae Railliet, Henry & Bauche, 1919 [=Stephanurida Molin, 1861a] [b] GENUS Stephanurus Diesing, 1839 SPECIES Stephanurus dentatus Diesing, 1839 SUBFAMILY Syngaminae Leiper, 1912 [ref. Barus & Tenora 1972a] [=Cyathostominae Nicoll, 1927:343] [ref. Ali 1970] GENUS Boydinema Barus & Tenora, 1972 TYPE SPECIES Boydinema alcyone [=Syngamus alcyone] GENUS Cyathostoma E.Blanchard, 1849 [=Calcaronema Hovorka & Macko, 1959] [type is Calcaronema ?] [=Cyathodera Blanchard, 1849:183] SUBGENUS Cyathostoma E.Blanchard, 1849 SPECIES Cyathostoma boularti Mégnin, 1884 [Australia; Chapin 1925 p.565; host Casuarius galeatus] SPECIES Cyathostoma brantae Cram, 1928:6 [host Branta canadensis] SPECIES Cyathostoma brodskii Sutanov, 1945:153 [Tashkent; host loon; also 1947 p. 138 as new] SPECIES Cyathostoma bronchialis Mühling, 1884 SPECIES Cyathostoma cacatua Bowie, 1986:425 [host Cacatua galerita in Aves] SPECIES Cyathostoma coscorobae Chapin, 1925:565 [host Coscoroboa coscorobae] TYPE SPECIES Cyathostoma lari E.Blanchard, 1849 SPECIES Cyathostoma microspiculum Skrjabin, 1915 [=Cyathostoma turemuratovi Lengy, 1969] [syn. Barus & Ryzhikov 1978] SPECIES Cyathostoma pheniscus Baudet, 1937:218 [placed in Calcaronema; host Pheniscus humbolti] SPECIES Cyathostoma sarcidiornis Kreis, 1953:371 [host Sarcidiornis melanota] SPECIES Cyathostoma tadornae Chatin, 1874 [Europe; host Tadorna tadorna] SPECIES Cyathostoma variegatum Creplin, 1849 [Chaplin 1925; Anas platyrhynchos in Aves; syn. of bronchialis, lari ?; host Ciconia nigra] SUBGENUS Hovorkonema Turemuratov, 1963 [as subgenus of Cyathostoma by Lichtenfels 1980] SPECIES Hovorkonema americanum (Chapin, 1925):565 [host Buteo borealis] [=Cyathostoma americanum Chapin, 1925] SUBGENUS Ryzhikovistoma Ali, 1970:242 [type?] GENUS Mammomonogamus Ryjikov, 1948 SPECIES Mammomonogamus dispar Diesing, 1851 SPECIES Mammomonogamus hippopotami Gedoelst, 1924 [host Hippopotamus amphibius] SPECIES Mammomonogamus laryngeus Railliet, 1899 SPECIES Mammomonogamus loxodontis Vuylsteke, 1935 [host African elephant] SPECIES Mammomonogamus nasicola Buckley, 1934 SPECIES Mammomonogamus okapiae Van Den Berghe, 1937 [host Okapia johnstoni] GENUS Rodentogamus Sadovskaja, 1950 SPECIES Rodentogamus ryjakovi (Sadovskaja, 1956) [in subgenus Rodentogamus] [=Syngamus ryjakovi Sadovskaja, 1956] GENUS Syngamus Siebold, 1836 [=Ornithogamus Ryjikov, 1948] [=Synyamus Mégnin, 1890:89] [misspelling] SPECIES Syngamus anterogonimus Ryjikov, 1949 SPECIES Syngamus gibbocephalus Ryjikov, 1949 SPECIES Syngamus merulae Baylis, 1926 [=Syngamus dyki Zavadil, 1965] [syn. Okulewicz 1979 p.305; in subgenus Ornithogamus] SPECIES Syngamus microspiculum Skrjabin, 1915 SPECIES Syngamus microtinae Feodorov & Tchetchulin, 1981 SPECIES Syngamus okapiae Van Den Berghe, 1937 [host Okapia johnstoni] SPECIES Syngamus palustris Ryjikov, 1949 SPECIES Syngamus skrjabinomorpha Ryzhikov, 1949 SPECIES Syngamus taiga Ryjikov, 1949 SPECIES Syngamus tenuispiculum Manter & Pinto, 1928 SPECIES Syngamus trachea Montagu, 1811 [= arcticus Ryzikov, 1952] [syn. Okulewicz 1981 p.667] TYPE SPECIES Syngamus trachealis Siebold, 1836