FAMILY Protostrongylidae Leiper, 1926 [Diagnostic; Azimov, Akramova, Khusanov & Golovanov 1999 p.48] [=Elaphostrongylidae Azimov, Akramova, Khusanov & Golovanov, 1999:49] GENUS Cystocaulus Schulz, Orlov & Kutass, 1933:304 SPECIES Cystocaulus cervi Boev, 1950:187 [nomen nova] [=Protostrongylus sagittatus Schmid, 1939] [host Cervus elephus; praeocc. Strongylus sagittatus Mueller 1891] SPECIES Cystocaulus ocreatus (Railliet & Henry, 1907) [=Synthetocaulus ocreatus Railliet & Henry, 1907] [=Synthetocaulus nigrescens Jerke, 1911] [ syn. Boev 1950 p. 187; Manga Gonzalez, Morrondo Pelayo & Cordero del Campillo 1986 p.12; Schultz et al 1933 p. 308] SPECIES Cystocaulus ovis (Sarwar, 1955) [host goats and sheep; syn. Boev 1957 p. 96] [=Pneumostrongylus ovis Sarwar, 1955] SPECIES Cystocaulus vsevolodovi Boev, 1948:42 [host Capra sibirica] GENUS Dukerostrongylus Dinnik & Boev, 1982:115 SPECIES Dukerostrongylus kenyae Dinnik & Boev, 1982:115 [host Sylvicapra grimmia in Mammalia] GENUS Elaphostrongylus Cameron, 1931 [=Protostrongyloides Baudet & Verwey, 1951] SPECIES Elaphostrongylus alces Steen, Chabaud & Rehbinder, 1989:138 [host Alces alces in Mammalia; alcis?; Redescription; Gibbons, Halvorsen & Stuve 1991 p.20] SPECIES Elaphostrongylus cervi Cameron, 1931 [Redescription; Gibbons, Halvorsen & Stuve 1991 p.17; Diagnostic; Steen, Chabaud & Rehbinder 1989 p.141] SPECIES Elaphostrongylus odocoilei Hobmaier & Hobmaier, 1934 SPECIES Elaphostrongylus panticola Lubimov, 1945 SPECIES Elaphostrongylus rangiferi Mitskevich, 1958 [Redescription; Gibbons, Halvorsen & Stuve 1991 p.18; Diagnostic; Steen, Chabaud & Rehbinder 1989 p.141] GENUS Imparispiculus Luo Jianzhong, Duo Jiecaidan & Chen Gan, 1988:270 [English p. 273; Type is I. jiuzhiensis] SPECIES Imparispiculus jiuzhiensis Luo-Jianzhong, Duo-Jiecaidan & Chen-Gan, 1988:271 [host Lepus in Mammalia, English p. 273] GENUS Muellerius Cameron, 1927 SPECIES Muellerius capillaris Muller, 1889 [syn. Manga Gonzalez, Morrondo Pelayo & Cordero del Campillo 1986 p.12] [= minutissimus Megnin, 1878] [syn. Manga Gonzalez, Morrondo Pelayo & Cordero del Campillo 1986 p.12] SPECIES Muellerius indicus Bharatha-Lakshmi, Hanumantha-Rao & Shyamasundari, 1990:23 [host Calotes versicolor in Reptilia] SPECIES Muellerius tenuispiculatus Gebauer, 1932 GENUS Neostrongylus Gebauer, 1932 [=Neometastrongylus Kreis, 1944] SPECIES Neostrongylus linearis Marotel, 1913 SPECIES Neostrongylus zvetkovi Boev, 1949 GENUS Orthostrongylus Dougherty & Goble, 1946 SPECIES Orthostrongylus macrotis Dikmans, 1931 GENUS Parelaphostrongylus Boev & Schulz, 1950 [=Neurofilaria Whitlock, 1952] [=Odocoileostrongylus Schulz, 1951] SPECIES Parelaphostrongylus andersoni Prestwood, 1972 SPECIES Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei Hobmaier & Hobmaier, 1934 [Redescription; Platt & Samuel 1978 p.227] SPECIES Parelaphostrongylus tenuis Dougherty, 1945 GENUS Pneumocaulus Schulz & Andreeva, 1948 SPECIES Pneumocaulus kadenazii Schulz & Andreeva, 1948 [Moschus berezovskii - Mammal] GENUS Pneumostrongylus Mönnig, 1932 SPECIES Pneumostrongylus alpenae Dikmans, 1935 SPECIES Pneumostrongylus calcaratus Mönnig, 1932 [s. Africa; Aepyceros melampus - Mammal] SPECIES Pneumostrongylus cornigerus Ortlepp, 1962 [host Damaliscus dorcas] GENUS Protostrongylus Kamensky, 1905 [=Gelanocaulus Asadov, 1958] [=Skrjabinostrongylus Boev, 1950:65] [syn. Boev 1958] [=Synthetocaulus Railliet & Henry, 1907] [type is commutatus] [=Synthetokaulus Fiebiger, 1912:423] [misspelling] SUBGENUS Davtianostrongylus Boev, 1950 SPECIES Davtianostrongylus andreievi [=Protostrongylus andreievi] SPECIES Davtianostrongylus coburni (Dikmans, 1935) [=Protostrongylus coburni Dikmans, 1935] SUBGENUS Kochostrongylus Shultz & Boev in Skrjabin, 1952:676 [et al.; ref. Boev 1958] SPECIES Kochostrongylus indicus [Capra aegagrus - Mammal] [=Protostrongylus indicus] SPECIES Kochostrongylus oryctolagi [=Protostrongylus oryctolagi] SUBGENUS Protostrongylus Kamensky, 1905 [= kochi Schulz, Orloff & Kutass, 1933] [syn. Manga Gonzalez, Morrondo Pelayo & Cordero del Campillo 1986 p.12] SPECIES Protostrongylus cameroni Schulz & Boev, 1940 [host Ovis aries] SPECIES Protostrongylus capensis Ortlepp, 1962 [Damaliscus dorcas] SPECIES Protostrongylus caprae Zdzitowiecki & Boev, 1971 SPECIES Protostrongylus commutatus Diesing, 1851 SPECIES Protostrongylus cuniculorum Joyeux & Gaud, 1946 SPECIES Protostrongylus davtiani Savina, 1940 SPECIES Protostrongylus etoshai Ortlepp, 1962 [host Connochaetes taurinus, Oryx gazella] SPECIES Protostrongylus gazellae Yeh, 1956 [host Gazella thomsoni] SPECIES Protostrongylus macrotis Dikmans, 1931 SPECIES Protostrongylus muraschkinzewi Davtian, 1940 SPECIES Protostrongylus ovis [Ovis aries - Mammal] SPECIES Protostrongylus raillieti Schulz, Orlow & Kutass, 1933 SPECIES Protostrongylus rufescens Leuckart, 1865 SUBSPECIES Protostrongylus boevi Biocca, Balbo & Constantini, 1976 SUBSPECIES Protostrongylus rufescens Leuckart, 1865 SPECIES Protostrongylus rupicaprae Gebauer, 1932 SPECIES Protostrongylus rushi Dickmans, 1937 SPECIES Protostrongylus stilesi Dickmans, 1931 SPECIES Protostrongylus tauricus Schulz & Kadenazii, 1949 SPECIES Protostrongylus terminalis Passerini, 1884 SPECIES Protostrongylus vsevolodovi Boev, 1946 SUBGENUS Pulmostrongyles Boev, 1984:77 [Type is Filaria pulmonalis Frolich 1802] [=Pulmostrongylus Boev, 1975] [praeocc. Hsu 1935; ??] SPECIES Pulmostrongyles africanus (Dinnik & Sachs, 1968) [syn. Boev 1984 p.77] [=Protostrongylus africanus Dinnik & Sachs, 1968] SPECIES Pulmostrongyles boughtoni (Goble & Dougherty, 1943) [syn. Boev 1984 p.77] [=Protostrongylus boughtoni Goble & Dougherty, 1943] SPECIES Pulmostrongyles brevispiculatum (Micacic, 1940) [syn. Boev 1984 p.77] [=Protostrongylus brevispiculatum Micacic, 1940] SPECIES Pulmostrongyles capensis (Ortlepp, 1962) [syn. Boev 1984 p.77] [=Protostrongylus capensis Ortlepp, 1962] SPECIES Pulmostrongyles coburni (Dikmans, 1935) [syn. Boev 1984 p.77] [=Protostrongylus coburni Dikmans, 1935] SPECIES Pulmostrongyles dikmansi (Boev, 1961) [syn. Boev 1984 p.77] [=Protostrongylus dikmansi Boev, 1961] SPECIES Pulmostrongyles gazellae (Yeh Liang Sheng, 1956) [syn. Boev 1984 p.77] [=Protostrongylus gazellae Yeh Liang Sheng, 1956] SPECIES Pulmostrongyles hobmaieri Schulz, Orlow & Kutass, 1933 [syn. Boev 1984 p.77] SPECIES Pulmostrongyles kamenskyi (Schulz, 1930) [syn. Boev 1984 p.77] [=Protostrongylus kamenskyi Schulz, 1930] SPECIES Pulmostrongyles moschi (Boev & Sulimov, 1962) [syn. Boev 1984 p.77] [=Protostrongylus moschi Boev & Sulimov, 1962] SPECIES Pulmostrongyles pulmonalis Frölich, 1802 [syn. Boev 1984 p.77] TYPE SPECIES Pulmostrongyles pulmonalis (Frolich, 1802) [=Filaria pulmonalis Frolich, 1802] SPECIES Pulmostrongyles rupicaprae (Gebauer, 1932) [syn. Boev 1984 p.77] [=Protostrongylus rupicaprae Gebauer, 1932] SPECIES Pulmostrongyles skrjabini Boev, 1936 [syn. Boev 1984 p.77] GENUS Skrjabinocaulus Boev & Sulimov, 1963 SPECIES Skrjabinocaulus sofievi Boev & Sulimov, 1963 GENUS Spiculocaulus Schulz, Orlov & Kutass, 1933 [=Spiculostrongylus Cameron, 1934] SPECIES Spiculocaulus austriacus Gebauer, 1932 SPECIES Spiculocaulus kwongi Wu & Liu, 1943 SPECIES Spiculocaulus leuckarti Schulz, Orlow & Kutass, 1933 SPECIES Spiculocaulus orloffi Boev & Murrina, 1948 GENUS Umingmakstrongylus Hoberg, Polley, Gunn & Nishi, 1995:2271 [Type is U. pallikuukensis] SPECIES Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis Hoberg, Polley, Gunn & Nishi, 1995:2271 [host Ovibos moschatus moschatus in Mammalia] GENUS Varestrongylus Bhalerao, 1932 [=Bicaulus Schulz & Boev, 1940] [=Capreocauius] [misspelling Neave] [=Capreocaulus Schulz & Kadenatsii, 1948:341] [type is capreoli] [=Leptostrongylus Dougherty & Goble, 1946] SPECIES Varestrongylus alces Steen, Chabaud & Rehbinder, 1989 SPECIES Varestrongylus alpenae Dikmans, 1935 SPECIES Varestrongylus capreoli Stroh & Schmid, 1938 [Capreocaulus] SPECIES Varestrongylus capricola [Capra aegagrus - Mammal] SPECIES Varestrongylus longispiculatus Liu, 1989:269 [host Budorcas taxicolor in Mammalia, English p. 272] SPECIES Varestrongylus marali (Lubimov, 1950) [=Bicaulus marali Lubimov, 1950] SPECIES Varestrongylus pneumonicus Bhalerao, 1932 SPECIES Varestrongylus qinghaiensis Liu, 1984:8 [host Ovis aries in Mammalia, English p 10; Diagnostic; Liu 1989 p.271] SPECIES Varestrongylus sagittatus Müller, 1890 SPECIES Varestrongylus schulzi (Boev & Wolf, 1938) [Boev 1957 p.,111; Boiew] [=Syntheotocaulus schulzi Boev & Wolf, 1938]