FAMILY Onchocercidae Leiper, 1911 [=Dipetalonematidae Wehr, 1935] [=Oncocercidae Yamaguti, 1961] [=Setariidae Yorke & Maplestone, 1926] SUBFAMILY Dirofilariinae Sandground, 1921 [Diagnostic; Rodrigues Silva, Lanfredi, Vicente, Pinto & Gomes 1999] [=Loainae Yorke & Maplestone, 1926] [=Waltonellinae Bain & Prod'hon, 1974] [Diagnostic; Esslinger 1986 p.222] GENUS Bostrichodera Sandground, 1938 SPECIES Bostrichodera bequaerti Sandground, 1938 GENUS Dirofilaria Railliet & Henry, 1910 [Diagnostic; Dey Sarkar 1995 p.312] [=Nochtiella Faust, 1937:137] [subgenus of Dirofilaria? Diagnostic; Franz, Volkmer & Lenze 1982 p.31] SPECIES Dirofilaria acutiuscula Molin, 1858 SPECIES Dirofilaria aethiops Webber, 1955 SPECIES Dirofilaria ailure Ryjikov & Románova, 1961 SPECIES Dirofilaria asymmetrica Kreis, 1938 [host Cephalophus grimmia, C. dorsalis castaneus] SPECIES Dirofilaria cancrivori Eberhard, 1978:123 [mammalian host] SPECIES Dirofilaria conjunctivae Addario, 1885 [Nochtiella] SPECIES Dirofilaria corynodes Linstow, 1899 [Baylis 1939; host Cercocebus fuliginosus, Cercopithecus campbelli, C. nictitans, C. callitrichus, Semnopithecus albocinereus, Colobus congolensis] SPECIES Dirofilaria desportesi Choquette, 1952 SPECIES Dirofilaria digitata Chandler, 1929 SPECIES Dirofilaria fausti Skrjabin & Shikhobalova, 1948 SPECIES Dirofilaria freitasi Machado de Mendonca, 1949 SPECIES Dirofilaria genettae Baylis, 1928 [host Genetta tigrina pardina] [=Dirofilaria andersoni Durette-Desset, 1964] [syn. Sonin 1975 p.255] SPECIES Dirofilaria hystrix Canavan, 1929 SPECIES Dirofilaria immitis Leidy, 1856 [Diagnostic; Pathmanathan, Kan & Baskaran 1988 p.195] SPECIES Dirofilaria incrassata Molin, 1858 SPECIES Dirofilaria indica Chakravarty, 1936 SPECIES Dirofilaria kuelzii Rodenwalt, 1910 [Yorke and Maplestone 1926; host Cephalophus maxwelli, C. dorsalis castaneus] SPECIES Dirofilaria linstowi Dissanaike, 1972 SPECIES Dirofilaria louisianensis Faust, 1941 SPECIES Dirofilaria lutrae Orihel, 1965 SPECIES Dirofilaria macacae Sandground, 1933 SPECIES Dirofilaria macrodemos Eberhard, 1978:198 [mammalian host] SPECIES Dirofilaria magalhaesi Blanchard, 1896 SPECIES Dirofilaria magnilarvata Price, 1959 [Diagnostic; Yen, Zaman & Mak 1982 p.75] SPECIES Dirofilaria minor Sandground, 1933 SPECIES Dirofilaria nasuae Mazza, 1926 SPECIES Dirofilaria ochmanni Fuelleborn, 1908 SPECIES Dirofilaria panamensis Eberhard, 1978:200 [mammalian host] SPECIES Dirofilaria pongoi Vogel & Vogelsang, 1930 SPECIES Dirofilaria reconditum [Canis familiaris - Mammal] SPECIES Dirofilaria repens Railliet & Henry, 1911 [Description; Bain 1978 p.22; Diagnostic; Pathmanathan, Kan & Baskaran 1988 p.195; Nochtiella ?] SPECIES Dirofilaria roemeri Linstow, 1905 [=Agamofilaria tabanicola] SPECIES Dirofilaria sachsi Shoho, 1974 SPECIES Dirofilaria schoutedeni Vuylsteke & Rodhain, 1938 [host Colobus polykomos uelensis] SPECIES Dirofilaria spectans Freitas & Lent, 1949 SPECIES Dirofilaria spinosa Canavan, 1929 SPECIES Dirofilaria spirocauda Leidy, 1858 SPECIES Dirofilaria striata Molin, 1858 SPECIES Dirofilaria subcutaenea Linstow, 1899 SPECIES Dirofilaria subdermata Mönnig, 1924 [Diagnostic; Gutierrez 1983 p.2097; host Ictonyx capensis] SPECIES Dirofilaria sudanensis Linstow, 1903 [host Felis, Hyaena] [= granulosa Linstow in Schipley, 1906] SPECIES Dirofilaria tawila Khalil, 1932 SPECIES Dirofilaria tenuis Chandler, 1942 SPECIES Dirofilaria timidi Gubanov & Fedorov, 1966 SPECIES Dirofilaria uniformis Price, 1957 [Redescription; Bartlett 1983 p.1014] SPECIES Dirofilaria ursi Yamaguti, 1941 [Description; Uni 1978 p.442] SPECIES Dirofilaria websteri Cobbold, 1879 GENUS Dirofilariaeformia Lubimov, 1935 SPECIES Dirofilariaeformia sciurorum Lubimov, 1935 GENUS Edesonfilaria Yeh, 1960 [=Makifilaria Krishnasamy, Singh & Iyamperumal, 1981:185] [syn. Bain, Kouyate & Cassone 1983 p.190] SPECIES Edesonfilaria inderi (Krishnasamy, Singh & Iyamperumal, 1981):185 [host Pteropus hypomelanus in Mammalia] [=Makifilaria inderi Krishnasamy, Singh & Iyamperumal, 1981] SPECIES Edesonfilaria malayensis Yeh, 1960 GENUS Foleyella Seurat, 1917 SPECIES Foleyella bouillezi Witenberg & Gerichter, 1944 [Nomen nudum; host Bufo regularis] SPECIES Foleyella leiperi Railliet, 1916 [Nomen nudum; Witenberg and Gerichter 1944; host Bufo regularis] SPECIES Foleyella brachyoptera Wehr & Causey, 1939 [Diagnostic; Coy Otero & Barus 1982 p.3; as Foleyellides by Esslinger 1986 p.221] SPECIES Foleyella candezei Fraipont, 1882 [Redescription; Bartlett 1987 p.44] [= agamae Rodhain, 1906] [host Agama colonorum; syn. Bolette 1998 p.1034; Diagnostic; Obiamiwe, Okuzu, Oloko & Uwakwe 1989 p.10] SPECIES Foleyella chamaeleonis Kreis, 1938 [host Chamaeleon pardalis] SPECIES Foleyella duboisi Gedoelst, 1916 SPECIES Foleyella furcata Linstow, 1899 [Redescription; Bartlett 1987 p.48; Witenberg and Gerichter 1944a ?? host Chamaeleon oustaleti] SPECIES Foleyella pigmentata Kreis, 1945 [host Chameleon] SPECIES Foleyella rodhaini Tendeiro, 1953 [host Agama colonorum] SPECIES Foleyella skrjabini Skarbilovitsch in Skrjabin & Schikhobalova, 1948 GENUS Foleyellides Caballero, 1935 [not syn. of Foleyella Esslinger 1986 p.222] [=Waltonella Schacher, 1975:58] [syn. Esslinger 1986 p.222; nomen nova] [=Waltonia Schacher & Crans, 1973:690] [praeocc.] SPECIES Foleyellides albareti (Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979):209 [amphibian host] [=Waltonella albareti Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979] SPECIES Foleyellides americana Walton, 1929 [syn. Esslinger 1986 p.221; Rana catesbeiana (Reptile)] SPECIES Foleyellides confusa Schmidt & Kuntz, 1969 [syn. Esslinger 1986 p.221] SPECIES Foleyellides dolichoptera Wehr & Causey, 1939 [syn. Esslinger 1986 p.221] SPECIES Foleyellides duboisi Leiper, 1911 [Redescription; Ashour 1992 p.316; Waltonella] SPECIES Foleyellides dufourae (Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979):207 [amphibian host] [=Waltonella dufourae Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979] SPECIES Foleyellides flexicauda Schacher & Crans, 1975 [syn. Esslinger 1986 p.221] SPECIES Foleyellides flexicauda [Rana catesbeiana (Reptile)] SPECIES Foleyellides guyanensis (Bain & Prod'hon, 1974) [date?] [=Waltonella guyanensis Bain & Prod'hon, 1974] SPECIES Foleyellides malayensis (Petit & Yen, 1979):213 [amphibian host] [=Waltonella malayensis Petit & Yen, 1979] SPECIES Foleyellides oumari (Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979):205 [amphibian host] [=Waltonella oumari Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979] SPECIES Foleyellides ranae Walton, 1929 [syn. Esslinger 1986 p.221; Rana catesbeiana (Reptile)] SPECIES Foleyellides royi (Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979):200 [amphibian host] [=Waltonella royi Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979] SPECIES Foleyellides striatus (Ochoterena & Caballero, 1932) [Redescription; Esslinger 1986 p.219] [=Chandlerella striatus Ochoterena & Caballero, 1932] GENUS Loa Stiles, 1905 [as subgenus of Filaria] [=Paraloa Rodhain & Van den Berghe, 1939] SPECIES Loa extraocularis Skrjabin, 1917 SPECIES Loa inquirenda Maplestone, 1938:8 [nomen solum] SPECIES Loa loa (Cobbold, 1864) [Guyot 1778?] [=Filaria loa Cobbold, 1864] SPECIES Loa papionis Treadgold, 1920:113 [host papio cynocephalus] GENUS Macacanema Schad & Anderson, 1963 SPECIES Macacanema formosana Schad & Anderson, 1963 GENUS Madochotera Bain & Brunhes, 1968 [Waltonellinae] SPECIES Madochotera alata Bain & Brunhes, 1968 GENUS Ochoterenella Caballero, 1944 [Waltonellinae] SPECIES Ochoterenella albareti (Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979) [syn. Esslinger 1986 p.215; Bufo marinus (Reptile)] [=Waltonella albareti Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979] SPECIES Ochoterenella caballeroi Esslinger, 1987:126 [host Bufo marinus in Amphibia] SPECIES Ochoterenella chiapensis Esslinger, 1988:204 [host Bufo marinus in Amphibia] SPECIES Ochoterenella complicata Esslinger, 1989:199 [host Bufo marinus in Amphibia] SPECIES Ochoterenella convoluta Molin, 1958 [syn. Esslinger 1986 p.215] SPECIES Ochoterenella digiticauda Caballero, 1944 [Redescription; Esslinger 1986 p.215] SPECIES Ochoterenella dufourae (Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979) [syn. Esslinger 1986 p.215;Bufo marinus (Reptile)] [=Waltonella dufourae Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979] SPECIES Ochoterenella figueroai Esslinger, 1988:146 [host Bufo marinus in Amphibia] SPECIES Ochoterenella guyanensis (Bain & Prod'hon, 1974) [syn. Esslinger 1986 p.215; Bufo marinus (Reptile)] [=Waltonella guyanensis Bain & Prod'hon, 1974] SPECIES Ochoterenella lamothei Esslinger, 1988:151 [host Bufo marinus in Amphibia] SPECIES Ochoterenella nanolarvata Esslinger, 1987:129 [host Bufo marinus in Amphibia] SPECIES Ochoterenella oumari (Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979) [syn. Esslinger 1986 p.215; Bufo marinus (Reptile)] [=Waltonella oumari Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979] SPECIES Ochoterenella papuensis Johnston, 1967 SPECIES Ochoterenella royi (Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979) [syn. Esslinger 1986 p.215; Bufo marinus (Reptile)] [=Waltonella royi Bain, Kim & Petit, 1979] SPECIES Ochoterenella scalaris Travassos, 1929 [syn. Esslinger 1986 p.215] SPECIES Ochoterenella vellardi Travassos, 1929 [syn. Esslinger 1986 p.215] GENUS Pelecitus Railliet & Henry, 1910 [=Eulimdana Founikoff, 1934:61] [type is clava] [=Heimnema Chabaud, Brygoo & Richard, 1964] [syn. of Eulimdana by Bartlett, Wong & Anderson 1985 p.667] [=Spirofilaria Yamaguti, 1935] SPECIES Pelecitus andersoni (Bartlett, 1992):215 [host Chlidonias niger in Aves] [=Eulimdana andersoni Bartlett, 1992] SPECIES Pelecitus anhingae Vuylsteke, 1957 [Redescription; Bartlett & Greiner 1986 p.73] SPECIES Pelecitus ardeae (Molin, 1860) [syn. Bartlett & Greiner 1986 p.92] [=Spiroptera ardeae Molin, 1860] SPECIES Pelecitus armenicus Tschertkova, 1945 SPECIES Pelecitus asperum (Bartlett, Anderson & Bush, 1989):618 [host Phalaropus tricolor in Aves] [=Eulimdana asperum Bartlett, Anderson & Bush, 1989] SPECIES Pelecitus bainae (Bartlett, 1992):222 [host Numenius phaeopus in Aves] [=Eulimdana bainae Bartlett, 1992] SPECIES Pelecitus barusi Otero, 1982:2 [host Zenaida macroura macroura in Aves] SPECIES Pelecitus bibulbosa Annett, Dutton & Elliott, 1901 SPECIES Pelecitus chabaudi Bartlett & Greiner, 1986:84 [host Pernis apivorus in Aves] SPECIES Pelecitus circularis Molin, 1860 [Redescription; Bartlett & Greiner 1986 p.60] SPECIES Pelecitus clava Wedl, 1856 SPECIES Pelecitus cypseli Annett, Dutton & Elliot, 1901 [syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1987 p.1106] SPECIES Pelecitus florencae (Bartlett & Anderson, 1990):987 [host Micropalama himantopus in Aves] [=Eulimdana florencae Bartlett & Anderson, 1990] SPECIES Pelecitus fulicaeatrae Diesing, 1861 [Redescription; Vanderburgh, Anderson & Stock 1984 p.364; Redescription; Bartlett & Greiner 1986 p.69] SPECIES Pelecitus galli Dissanaike & Fernando, 1974 [Redescription; Bartlett & Greiner 1986 p.76] SPECIES Pelecitus heimi (Chabaud, Brygoo & Richard, 1964) [=Heimnema heimi Chabaud, Brygoo & Richard, 1964] SPECIES Pelecitus helicinus Molin, 1860 [Redescription; Bartlett & Greiner 1986 p.52] [=Spiroptera helicina Molin, 1860] SPECIES Pelecitus juventarum (Bartlett, Anderson & Bush, 1989):613 [host Catoptrophorus semipalmatus in Aves] [=Eulimdana juventarum Bartlett, Anderson & Bush, 1989] SPECIES Pelecitus lari (Yamaguti, 1935) [Redescription; Bartlett, Wong & Anderson 1985 p.669; syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Eufilaria lari Yamaguti, 1935] SPECIES Pelecitus meridionaleporinus Jimenez-Ruiz, Gardner, Cervantes & Lorenzo, 2004:803 [Parasite of Lepus flavigularis in Mammalia] SPECIES Pelecitus metcalforum (Bartlett, 1992):217 [host Sterna hirundo in Aves] [=Eulimdana metcalforum Bartlett, 1992] SPECIES Pelecitus micropenis (Travassos, 1926) [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976; Bartlett, Wong & Anderson 1985 p.669; placed in Eufilaria by Lopez-Neyra 1956b p.196] [=Lemdana micropenis Travassos, 1926] SPECIES Pelecitus podicipitis Yamaguti, 1935 [=Capillaria anseris Madsen, 1945] [syn. Barus & Sergeeva 1982 p.100] SPECIES Pelecitus polamaetus Vuylsteke, 1957 [Redescription; Bartlett & Greiner 1986 p.74] SPECIES Pelecitus pseudolari (Bartlett, Anderson & Bush, 1989):623 [host Phalaropus lobatus in Aves] [=Eulimdana pseudolari Bartlett, Anderson & Bush, 1989] SPECIES Pelecitus rauschorum (Hoberg, 1986):755 [host Larus dominicanus in Aves] [=Eulimdana rauschorum Hoberg, 1986] SPECIES Pelecitus roemeri Linmstow, 1905 [syn. Bartlett & Greiner 1986 p.93; host Dendrolagus lumholtzi - Mammal] SPECIES Pelecitus scapiceps Leidy, 1886 [syn. Bartlett & Greiner 1986 p.93; see Loaina for dup] SPECIES Pelecitus sonini (Bartlett, 1992):220 [host Charadrius hiaticula in Aves] [=Eulimdana sonini Bartlett, 1992] SPECIES Pelecitus tercostatus Molin, 1860 [Redescription; Bartlett & Greiner 1986 p.62] SPECIES Pelecitus tubercauda Vanderburgh, Anderson & Stock, 1984:362 [host Geothlypis trichas in Aves; Redescription; Bartlett & Greiner 1986 p.78] SPECIES Pelecitus vuylstekae Bartlett & Greiner, 1986:69 [nomen nova; not syn. of fulicaetrae] [=Pelecitus ardeae Vuylsteke, 1957] [praeocc. Molin 1860] SPECIES Pelecitus vuylstekae [Redescription; Bartlett & Greiner 1986 p.86] SPECIES Pelecitus wongae (Bartlett, 1992):220 [host Limosa fedoa in Aves] [=Eulimdana wongae Bartlett, 1992] GENUS Skrjabinodera Gnedina & Vsevolodov, 1947 [=Gazellofilaria Yeh, 1956] [type is tanganyikae] SPECIES Skrjabinodera kuelzii [Aepyceros melampus - Mammal] SPECIES Skrjabinodera saiga Gnedina & Vsevolodov, 1947 SPECIES Skrjabinodera tanganyikae (Yeh, 1956) [=SGazellofilaria tanganyikae Yeh, 1956] GENUS Tawila Khalil, 1932 TYPE SPECIES Tawila tawila Khalil, 1932 [ host Colobus b. badius] SUBFAMILY Icosiellinae Anderson, 1958 GENUS Icosiella Seurat, 1917 [Diagnostic; Bursey, Telford & Goldberg 2003 p.344] SPECIES Icosiella bainae Batchvarov & Petrov, 1983:381 [host Rana ridibunda in Amphibia] SPECIES Icosiella intani Purnomo & Bangs, 1996:47 [host Rana cancrivora in Amphibia] SPECIES Icosiella laurenti Bain & Purnom, 1984:31 [host Rana cf. R. macrodon in Amphibia] SPECIES Icosiella neglecta Diesing, 1856 SPECIES Icosiella turgeocauda Bursey, Telford & Goldberg, 2003:342 [Parasite of Rana cancrivora in Amphibia] SUBFAMILY Lemdaninae Lopez-Neyra, 1956 [=Eufilariinae Lopez-Neyra, 1956b:22] GENUS Aproctiana Skrjabin, 1934 SPECIES Aproctiana angolica Vuylsteke, 1953 [host Prionops poliocephala angolica] SPECIES Aproctiana meirai Travassos, 1930 SPECIES Aproctiana nyctidromi Caballero & Peregrina, 1938 SPECIES Aproctiana travassosi Caballero, 1938 GENUS Chiropterofilaria Yeh, Symes & Mataika, 1958:227 TYPE SPECIES Chiropterofilaria brevicaudata (Yeh, Symes & Mataika, 1958):227 [ host Pteropus hawaiiensis] [=Chlropterofilaria brevicaudata Yeh, Symes & Mataika, 1958] GENUS Eufilaria Seurat, 1921b:32 [=Eufilariella Sonin, 1965] [=Neofilaria Deshmukh, 1968] [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] SPECIES Eufilaria alii (Deshmukh, 1968) [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Neofilaria alii Deshmukh, 1968] SPECIES Eufilaria asiatica Singh, 1949b:42 [India; host Corvus splendens] SPECIES Eufilaria bartlettae Bain, 1980:586 [avian host] SPECIES Eufilaria buckleyi Rasheed, 1960a:82 [India] SPECIES Eufilaria capsulata Annett, Dutton & Elliot, 1901 [Seurat 1921; Yorke and Maplestone 1926; host Pycnonotus barbatus, Sitagra sp. and Hyphantornis] SPECIES Eufilaria coua Anderson & Prestwood, 1969 [nomen nova] [= singhi Chabaud, Brygoo & Richard, 1964] [praeocc.] SPECIES Eufilaria delicata Supperer, 1958a:313 [Redescription; Bain 1980 p.585; Eufilariella] SPECIES Eufilaria hibleri Granath, 1981:17 [host Quiscalus quiscula versicolor in Aves] SPECIES Eufilaria kalifai Millet & Bain, 1984:178 [host Pica pica galliae in Aves] SPECIES Eufilaria lari Yamaguti, 1935j:403 SPECIES Eufilaria longicaudata Hibler, 1964 [Eufilariella] SPECIES Eufilaria mcintoshi Anderson & Bennett, 1960:113 TYPE SPECIES Eufilaria sergenti Seurat, 1921 [ host Passer hispaniolensis, Serinus serinus] SPECIES Eufilaria singhi Su tana, 1961 [(Anderson & Prestwood 1969] SPECIES Eufilaria sturninus Bartlett, 1982:2409 [host Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris in Aves] SPECIES Eufilaria turnicis Devamma, 1980:38 [host Turnix suscitator in Aves] SPECIES Eufilaria utae Anderson & Bain, 1976 [nomen nova; syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1980 p.97] [=Neofilaria buckleyi Deshmukh, 1968] [syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1980 p.97; praeocc. ?] GENUS Lemdana Seurat, 1917 [Diagnostic; Dey Sarkar 1995 p.314] [=Ameeria Ali, 1961] [syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1987 p.1104] [=Lemdanella Sonin, 1963] [syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1987 p.1104] [=Singhfilaria Rasheed, 1960] [syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1987 p.1103] [=Singhnema Ali, 1969] [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] SPECIES Lemdana behingi Levashov, 1929 SPECIES Lemdana bengalensis Soota & Chaturvedi, 1971 SPECIES Lemdana corvicola Schikhobalova, 1948 SPECIES Lemdana hayesi [Meleagris gallopavo (Bird)] [=Singhfilaria hayesi] SPECIES Lemdana latifi Lee, Amin-Babjee & Krishnasamy, 1989:233 [host Gallus gallus spadiceus in Aves] SPECIES Lemdana marthae Seurat, 1917 [host Caccabis p. petrosa] SPECIES Lemdana pavonica (Rasheed, 1960) [=Singhfilaria pavonica Rasheed, 1960] SPECIES Lemdana sonneretta [Gallus gallus spadiceus in Aves] SPECIES Lemdana sonneretta (Ali, 1969) [1968?; syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Singhnema sonneretta Ali, 1969] SPECIES Lemdana sultanae (Ali, 1961) [=Ameeria sultanae Ali, 1961] SPECIES Lemdana wernaarti Bartlett & Anderson, 1987:1101 [host Bubo virginianus in Aves] SPECIES Lemdana yinnansis (Xie-Tianzhen & et-a, 1993):47 [host Gallus gallus in Aves] [=Singhfilaria yinnansis Xie-Tianzhen & et-a, 1993] GENUS Sarconema Wehr, 1939 [=Alifilaria Ali, 1969] [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Farooqifilaria Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1970] [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] SPECIES Sarconema anseris Sultanov, 1963 SPECIES Sarconema eurycerca Weher, 1939 SPECIES Sarconema pecta (Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1970) [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Farooqifilaria pecta Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1970] SPECIES Sarconema pochardi (Ali, 1969) [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Alifilaria pochardi Ali, 1969] SPECIES Sarconema pseudolabiata Belogurov, Daja & Sonin, 1966 [Alifilaria?] GENUS Saurositus Macfie, 1924 TYPE SPECIES Saurositus agamae Macfie, 1924 [Africa; host Agama colonarum] SPECIES Saurositus indicus Deshmukh & Ali, 1965 SPECIES Saurositus macfiei Fitzsimmons, 1958 [host Agama m. mossambica] SUBFAMILY Onchocercinae Leiper, 1911 [related to Ackertia; Diagnostic; Bain & Guerrero 2003 p.150; Rodrigues Silva, Lanfredi, Vicente, Pinto & Gomes 1999] GENUS Ackertia Vaz, 1934 SPECIES Ackertia burgosi De La Barrera, 1926 SPECIES Ackertia dorsti Bain & Hocquet, 1968 SPECIES Ackertia finlayi Mazza & Fiora, 1932 SPECIES Ackertia marmotae Webster, 1967 GENUS Agamofilaria Stiles, 1907:10 [collective name] TYPE SPECIES Agamofilaria georgiana Stiles, 1907 SPECIES Agamofilaria oxyura Schmidt, Duszynski & Martin, 1992:812 [Arizona; Pleistocene, host Nothrotheriops shastensis in Mammalia] GENUS Andersonfilaria Bartlett & Bain, 1987:5 [Type is A. africanus] SPECIES Andersonfilaria africanus Bartlett & Bain, 1987:6 [host Estrilda astrild in Aves] SPECIES Andersonfilaria bartlettae Chabaud & Bain, 1990:10 [host Halcyon malimbica in Aves] GENUS Bisbalia Bain & Guerrero, 2003:146 [Type is Bisbalia vossi] SPECIES Bisbalia vossi Bain & Guerrero, 2003:146 [Parasite of Heteromys anomalus in Mammalia] GENUS Breinlia Yorke & Maplestone, 1926 SUBGENUS Breinlia Yorke & Maplestone, 1926 [Chaubaud & Bain 1976] SPECIES Breinlia boltoni Spratt & Varughese, 1979 SPECIES Breinlia booliati Singh & Ho, 1973 [Description; Tucker, Price, Kwa & DeBaldo 2003 p.1220; Diagnostic; Purnomo & Bangs 1996 p.96] SPECIES Breinlia dasyuri Johnston & Mawson, 1938 SPECIES Breinlia dendrolagi Solomon, 1933 SPECIES Breinlia dentifera Linstow, 1898 SPECIES Breinlia dentonensis [host Macropus giganteus - Mammal] SPECIES Breinlia mackerrasae [host Isoodon macrourus - Mammal] SPECIES Breinlia manningi Bain, Petit, Ratanaworabhan, Yenbutra & Chabaud, 1981:194 [host Menetes berdmorei in Mammalia] SPECIES Breinlia mundayi [host Macropus giganteus - Mammal] SPECIES Breinlia petauristi Chowattukunnel & Esslinger, 1979:375 [mammalian host] SPECIES Breinlia pseudocheiri [host Pseudocheirus peregrinus - Mammal] SPECIES Breinlia robertsi [host Macropus giganteus - Mammal] SPECIES Breinlia sergenti Mathis & Leger, 1909 [Description; Xu Jinjiang, Ren Yanfen & Yuan Yizhe 1981 p.365; Diagnostic; Yen, Zaman & Mak 1982 p.74] SPECIES Breinlia spelaea Leidy, 1875 [host Dendrolagus bennettianus - Mammal] SPECIES Breinlia spratti Bain, Tibayrenc & Mak, 1979:191 [mammalian host; Diagnostic; Purnomo & Bangs 1996 p.96] SPECIES Breinlia thylogali [host Thylogale stigmatica - Mammal] SPECIES Breinlia tinjili Purnomo & Bangs, 1996 SPECIES Breinlia trichosuri Breinl, 1913 SPECIES Breinlia ventricola Spratt & Hobbs, 2004:69 [Parasite of Macropus rufus in Mammalia] SUBGENUS Johnstonema Yeh, 1957 SPECIES Johnstonema andersoni Spratt & Varughese, 1975 [host Macropus giganteus - Mammal] SPECIES Johnstonema tinjili (Purnomo & Bangs, 1996):93 [host Rattus tiomanicus in Mammalia] [=Breinlia tinjili Purnomo & Bangs, 1996] GENUS Brugia Buckley, 1960:77 [1958?; Diagnostic; Mak, Chiang & Cheong 1984 p.116] SUBGENUS Brugia Buckley, 1960:77 SPECIES Brugia beaveri Ash & Little, 1964 SPECIES Brugia ceylonensis Jayawardene, 1962 SPECIES Brugia guyanensis Orihel, 1964 SPECIES Brugia lepori Eberhard, 1984:576 [host Sylvilagus aquaticus in Mammalia] SPECIES Brugia malayi Brug, 1927 [Diagnostic; Pathmanathan, Kan & Baskaran 1988 p.195] SPECIES Brugia pahangi Buckley & Edeson, 1956 [Diagnostic; Yen, Zaman & Mak 1982 p.74; Diagnostic; Sucharit, Harinasuta, Viraboonchai & Smithanonda 1975 p.549] SPECIES Brugia patei Buckley, Nelson & Heisch, 1958 [Redescription; Sonin 1975 p.111] SPECIES Brugia timori Partono, 1977 [et al.] SPECIES Brugia tupaiae [Diagnostic; Yen, Zaman & Mak 1982 p.74] SUBGENUS Brugiella Dissanaike & Paramananthan, 1961:213 SPECIES Brugiella buckelyi (Dissanaike & Paramananthan, 1961) [in subgenus Brugiella] [=Brugia buckelyi Dissanaike & Paramananthan, 1961] GENUS Cercopithifilaria Eberhard, 1980:551 [Type is D. kenyensis; as subgenus of Dipetalonema; as genus Bain, Baker & Chabaud 1982 p.605] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria bainae de Almeida & Vicente, 1984:18 [host Canis familiaris in Mammalia] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria bulboidea Uni & Bain in Uni, Suzuki, Baba, Mitani, Takaoka, Katsumi & Bain, 2001:210 [Parasite of Capricornis crispus in Mammalia] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria cephalophi Bain, Baker & Chabaud, 1982:606 [host Cephalophus dorsalis in Mammalia] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria corneti Bain, Chabaud & Georges, 1987:64 [host Nandinia binotata in Mammalia] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria crassa Uni, Bain & Takaoka in Uni, Bain, Takaoka, Katsumi, Fujita & Suzuki, 2002:298 [Parasite of Cervus nippon nippon in Mammalia] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria degraaffi Bain, Baker & Chabaud, 1982:603 [host Papio ursinus in Mammalia] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria didelphis Esslinger & Smith, 1979 [Description; Bain, Baker & Chabaud 1982 p.612] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria eberhardi Bain, Wamae & Reid, 1988:232 [host Papio anubis in Mammalia] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria gabonensis Bain, Baker & Chabaud, 1982:608 [host Atherurus africanus in Mammalia] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria grassi Noe, 1907 [syn. Bain, Baker & Chabaud 1982 p.617; Description; de Almeida & Vicente 1982 p.11] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria japonica Uni, 1983 SPECIES Cercopithifilaria japonica (Uni, 1983):79 [Japan; Description; Uni 1984 p.53; Chenofilaria = Acanthocheilonema; host Selenarctos thibetanus japonicus in Mammalia; syn. Uni, Suzuki, Harada, Kimata & Iseki 1995 p.375; in subgenus Chenofilaria] [=Dipetalonema japonica Uni, 1983] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria johnstoni Mackerras, 1954 [Dipetalonema also?] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria kenyensis (Eberhard, 1980):551 [Kenya; mammalian host] [=Dipetalonema kenyensis Eberhard, 1980] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria leporinus Bartlett, 1983:276 SPECIES Cercopithifilaria longa Uni, Bain & Takaoka in Uni, Bain, Takaoka, Katsumi, Fujita & Suzuki, 2002:294 [Parasite of Cervus nippon nippon in Mammalia] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria minuta Uni & Bain in Uni, Suzuki, Baba, Mitani, Takaoka, Katsumi & Bain, 2001:206 [Parasite of Capricornis crispus in Mammalia] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria multicauda Uni & Bain in Uni, Suzuki, Baba, Mitani, Takaoka, Katsumi & Bain, 2001:200 [Parasite of Capricornis crispus in Mammalia] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria narokensis Bain, Wamae & Reid, 1988:226 [host Papio anubis in Mammalia] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria pearsoni SPECIES Cercopithifilaria roussilhoni Bain, Petit & Chabaud, 1986:81 [host Atherurus africanus in Mammalia] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria rugosicauda Bohm & Supperer, 1953 [Description; Bain, Baker & Chabaud 1982 p.608] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria shohoi Uni, Suzuki & Katsumi, 1998:120 [Honshu, Yamagata Prefecture, Mount Zao, Host Capricornis crispus in Mammalia; Redescription; Uni, Suzuki, Baba, Mitani, Takaoka, Katsumi & Bain 2001 p.200] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria tumidicervicata Uni & Bain in Uni, Suzuki, Baba, Mitani, Takaoka, Katsumi & Bain, 2001:208 [Parasite of Capricornis crispus in Mammalia] SPECIES Cercopithifilaria verveti Bain, Wamae & Reid, 1989:45 [host Cercopithecus aethiops in Mammalia] GENUS Chabfilaria Bain, Dedet & Purnom, 1983:590 SPECIES Chabfilaria freitaslenti Yeh, 1957 [Deraiophoronema?; syn. Bain, Dedet & Purnom 1983 p.588] SPECIES Chabfilaria jonathani Bain, Dedet & Purnom, 1983:584 [host Choloepus didactylus in Mammalia] GENUS Cherylia Bain, Petit, Jacquet Viallet & Houin, 1985:735 [Type is C. guyanensis] SPECIES Cherylia guyanensis Bain, Petit, Jacquet-Viallet & Houin, 1985:728 [host Metachirus opossum in Mammalia] GENUS Courduriella Chabaud, Brygoo & Petter, 1961:537 TYPE SPECIES Courduriella courdurieri Chabaud, Brygoo & Petter, 1961:532,7 [Madagascar; host Indris indris] GENUS Cruorifilaria Eberhard, Morales & Orihel, 1976:604 SPECIES Cruorifilaria tuberocauda Eberhard, Morales & Orihel, 1976:604 [Columbia; host Hydrochoerus - capybara; ref Bain & Guerrero 2003] GENUS Cystofilaria Skrjabin & Shikhobalova, 1948:151 TYPE SPECIES Cystofilaria balkanica Skrjabin & Shikhobalova, 1948:151 [ as new name for Filaria sp. Simitech et al 1938; syn. of Spirocerca lupi Rudolphi 1809 by Lopez-Neyra & Guevara 1954 p.481] GENUS Deralophoronema Románovitch, 1916 GENUS Dessetfilaria Bartlett & Bain, 1987:1 [Type is D. guianensis] SPECIES Dessetfilaria braziliensis (Yeh, 1957) [syn. Bartlett & Bain 1987 p.5; 1932?] [=Chandlerella braziliensis Yeh, 1957] SPECIES Dessetfilaria guianensis Bartlett & Bain, 1987:1 [host Ramphastos vitellinus in Aves] GENUS Dipetalonema Diesing, 1861 [Agamofilaria is a syn.?] SUBGENUS Acanthocheilonema Cobbold, 1870b:10 [Diagnostic; Eberhard & Campo Aasen 1986 p.247] [=Chenofilaria Kou, 1958:62] [type is filaria; syn. Bain, Baker & Chabaud 1982 p.617] [=Hepaticofilaria Ortlepp, 1961] [syn. Sonin 1975 p.193] [=Mönnigofilaria Skrjabin & Schikhobalova, 1948] [=Skrjabinaria Lubimov, 1927] SPECIES Acanthocheilonema didelphis (Esslinger & Smith, 1979):929 [Louisiana; mammalian host] [=Dipetalonema didelphis Esslinger & Smith, 1979] SPECIES Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides (Cobbold, 1870b) [in subgenus Acanthocheilonema] [=Dipetalonema dracunculoides Cobbold, 1870b] [= dagestanica Jarulin, 1962] [syn. Sonin 1975 p.147] SPECIES Acanthocheilonema filaria (Kou, 1958):60 [China; host Manis pentadactylis aurita] [=Chenofilaria filaria Kou, 1958] SPECIES Acanthocheilonema johnstoni (Mackerras, 1954) [in subgenus Chenofilaria] [=Dipetalonema johnstoni Mackerras, 1954] SPECIES Acanthocheilonema pachycephalum Ortlepp, 1961 [Description; Bain, Baker & Chabaud 1982 p.600] SPECIES Acanthocheilonema parbhani (Shastri, 2001):165 [Maharashtra; Parasite of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (Arachnida)] [=Dipetalonema parbhani Shastri, 2001] SPECIES Acanthocheilonema pricei Vaz & Pereira, 1934 [Redescription; Esslinger & Smith 1979 p.930] SPECIES Acanthocheilonema procyonis (Price, 1955) [Redescription; Smith 1980 p.335] [=Dipetalonema procyonis Price, 1955] SPECIES Acanthocheilonema reconditum [Diagnostic; Yates 1988 p.144] SPECIES Acanthocheilonema sabanicolae Eberhard & Campo-Aasen, 1986:245 [host Dasypus sabanicola in Mammalia] SPECIES Acanthocheilonema spirocauda (Leidy, 1858) [Skrjabinaria] [=Filaria spirocauda Leidy, 1858] SPECIES Acanthocheilonema viteae Krepkogorski, 1933 [Diagnostic; Yates 1988 p.144] SUBGENUS Alafilaria Yates & Jorgenson, 1983:606 [Type is D. hydrochoerus] SPECIES Alafilaria caudispina Molin, 1858 [Redescription; Bain, Petit & Rosales Loesener 1986 p.514] SPECIES Alafilaria hydrochoerus (Yates & Jorgenson, 1983):606 [Colombia; host Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris in Mammalia] [=Dipetalonema hydrochoerus Yates & Jorgenson, 1983] SUBGENUS Dasypafilaria Eberhard, 1982:325 [Type is Dipetalonema averyi] SPECIES Dasypafilaria averyi (Eberhard, 1982):326 [host Dasypus novemcinctus in Mammalia] [=Dipetalonema averyi Eberhard, 1982] SUBGENUS Dipetalonema Diesing, 1861 [=Deraiophoronema Románovitch, 1916] [syn. Sonin 1975 p.122] SPECIES Dipetalonema anticlava Molin, 1858 SPECIES Dipetalonema arbuta Highby, 1943 SPECIES Dipetalonema bifida Molin, 1858 [Molinema?] SPECIES Dipetalonema cameli (Románovitch, 1916) [in camel] [=Deraiophoronema cameli Románovitch, 1916] SPECIES Dipetalonema diacantha Molin, 1858 [Molinema?] SPECIES Dipetalonema evansi Lewis, 1882 SPECIES Dipetalonema freitasi Bain, Diagne & Muller, 1987:263 [host Cebus capucinus in Mammalia] SPECIES Dipetalonema freitaslenti (Yeh, 1957) [syn. Sonin 1975 p.156] [=Deraiophoronema freitaslenti Yeh, 1957] SPECIES Dipetalonema gassi Baylis, 1923 [host Loxodonta africana] SPECIES Dipetalonema gracile Rudolphi, 1819 [Redescription; Bain, Petit & Rosales Loesener 1986 p.518] SPECIES Dipetalonema graciliformis Freitas, 1964 [Redescription; Bain, Petit & Rosales Loesener 1986 p.528] SPECIES Dipetalonema hippopotami Leiper, 1910 [Chabaud 1952; host Hippopotamus amphibius] SPECIES Dipetalonema interstitium [Sciurus niger shermani - Mammal] SPECIES Dipetalonema laemmleri Dasgupta, Dasgupta, Chatterjee, De, Nandi, Saha, Roy, Ghosh & Majumdar, 1978:196 [mammalian host] SPECIES Dipetalonema loxodontis Van den Berghe & Gillian, 1939 [host M) Loxodonta africanus] SPECIES Dipetalonema manson-bahri Nelson, 1961 [host Pedes surdaster larvalis] SPECIES Dipetalonema marmosetae Faust, 1935 SPECIES Dipetalonema mephitis Webster & Beauregard, 1964 SPECIES Dipetalonema odendhali perry, 1967 SPECIES Dipetalonema okapiae Fain, 1948 [host Okapia johnstoni] SPECIES Dipetalonema persatans Manson, 1891 [perstans?; Fain 1947; host Man, Chimpanzee, Gorilla; dup in Mansonella?] SPECIES Dipetalonema petteri Chabaud & Choquet, 1955 [host Lepilemur ruficaudatus] SPECIES Dipetalonema proechimyis Esslinger, 1974 SPECIES Dipetalonema raposoensis Esslinger, 1974 SPECIES Dipetalonema reconditum Grassi, 1890 [described by Gibbons & Jacobs 1991 p.174] SPECIES Dipetalonema robini [Aedes aegypti (Invertebrate)] SPECIES Dipetalonema rodhaini Peel & Chardome, 1947 [Mansonella?; host Pan troglodytes schweinfurthi] SPECIES Dipetalonema schneideri (Wehr & Dickmans, 1935) [syn. Sonin 1975 p.297] [=Elaeophora schneideri Wehr & Dickmans, 1935] SPECIES Dipetalonema setariosum Mönnig, 1927 [host Suricata suricatta] SPECIES Dipetalonema spiralis Molin, 1860 SPECIES Dipetalonema sprenti Anderson, 1953 SPECIES Dipetalonema streptocerca Peel & Chardome, 1947 [praeocc.in Orihelia?; host Man, W. Africa; Pan paniscus, Pan satyrus] SPECIES Dipetalonema travassosi Artigas & Pacheco, 1933 SPECIES Dipetalonema vanhoofi Peel & Chardome, 1946 [host Pan paniscus, P. satyrus, P. troglodytes] SPECIES Dipetalonema weissi Seurat, 1914 [host Elephantulus deserti] SUBGENUS Loxodontofilaria Berghe & Gillain, 1939 SPECIES Loxodontofilaria asiatica Bain, Baker & Chabaud, 1982:594 [host Elephas indicus in Mammalia] SPECIES Loxodontofilaria caprini Uni & Bain in Uni, Bain, Agatsuma, Katsumi, Baba, Yanai & Takaoka, 2006:194 [Japan; Parasite of Naemorhedus crispus (Mammalia)] SPECIES Loxodontofilaria faini (Chabaud, Landau & Petit, 1978):288 [mammalian host] [=Dipetalonema faini Chabaud, Landau & Petit, 1978] SPECIES Loxodontofilaria hippopotami Bain, Baker & Chabaud, 1982:597 [host Hippopotamus amphibius in Mammalia; praeocc.?] SPECIES Loxodontofilaria ruandae (Fain & Hérin, 1955) [in subgenus Loxodontofilaria; host Bovines] [=Dipetalonema ruandae Fain & Hérin, 1955] SUBGENUS Molinema Freitas & Lent, 1939:14 SPECIES Molinema algardneri Guerrero & Bain, 2001:206 [Amazonas, Rio Negro, Isla Sarama, Parasite of Proechimys amphichoricus in Mammalia] SPECIES Molinema arbuta Highby, 1943 [Description; Bartlett & Anderson 1985 p.704] SPECIES Molinema barbarae Guerrero & Bain, 2001:212 [Amazonas, Cerro La Neblina, Base Camp, Parasite of Proechimys cayennensis in Mammalia] SPECIES Molinema dessetae [Aedes aegypti (Invertebrate)] SPECIES Molinema nattereri Guerrero & Bain, 2001:215 [Mato Grosso, Parasite of Echimys didelphoides in Mammalia] SPECIES Molinema peruviensis Guerrero & Bain, 2001:212 [Cusco, Urubamba region, Cashirirai river, San Martin, Parasite of Proechimys steerei in Mammalia] SPECIES Molinema proechimyis (Esslinger, 1974) [in subgenus Molinema] [=Dipetalonema proechimyis Esslinger, 1974] SPECIES Molinema sprenti Anderson, 1953 SUBGENUS Orihelia Chabaud & Bain, 1976 SPECIES Orihelia anticlava Molin, 1858 SPECIES Orihelia reconditum Grassi, 1890 [Description; de Almeida & Vicente 1982 p.10] SPECIES Orihelia robini (Petit, Bain & Roussilhon, 1985):66 [host Saimiri sciureus in Mammalia; Redescription; Bain, Diagne & Muller 1987 p.267] [=Dipetalonema robini Petit, Bain & Roussilhon, 1985] SPECIES Orihelia rugosicauda Bohm & Supperer, 1953 [Redescription; Demiaszkiewicz 1991 p.79] SPECIES Orihelia streptocerca (Macfie & Corson, 1922) [Description; Gardiner, Meyers & Lanoie 1979 p.49; see Mansonella?] [=Dipetalonema streptocerca Macfie & Corson, 1922] GENUS Elaeophora Railliet & Henry, 1912 [=Alcefilaria Oshmarin & Belous, 1951:121] [type is abramovi] [=Alcifilaria] [misspelled in Neave] [=Cordophilus Mönnig, 1926:297] [type is sagitta] SPECIES Elaeophora abramovi (Oshmarin & Belous, 1951) [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Alcefilaria abramovi Oshmarin & Belous, 1951] SPECIES Elaeophora elaphi Hernandez-Rodriguez, Martinez-Gomez & Gutierrez-Palomino, 1986:458 [host Cervus elaphus in Mammalia] SPECIES Elaeophora linglingense Cheng, 1982:20 [host Bovidae in Mammalia, English p. 25] SPECIES Elaeophora poeli Vryburg, 1897 [Railliet & Henry 1912] SPECIES Elaeophora sagittus Linstow, 1907 [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976; host Strepsiceros strepsiceros, Tragelaphus sylvaticus, T. scriptus, Bos taurus] GENUS Filarissima Chabaud, 1974:610 [Type is F. laisoni] SPECIES Filarissima laisoni Chabaud, 1974:610 [host Coendou in Mammalia] GENUS Fuscicorpa Wehr, 1936 [placement?] GENUS Josefilaria Moorhouse, Bain & Wolf, 1979:651 SPECIES Josefilaria mackerrasae Moorhouse, Bain & Wolf, 1979:647 [mammalian host] GENUS Litomosa Yorke & Maplestone, 1926 [=Litosoma van Beneden, 1873:21] [praeocc. Douglas & Scott 1865; type is filaria] SPECIES Litomosa adami Petit, 1980:370 [mammalian host] SPECIES Litomosa aelleni Tibayrenc, Bain & Ramachandran, 1979:186 SPECIES Litomosa beshkovi Jancev, 1971 SPECIES Litomosa chiropterorum Ortlepp, 1932 [host Miniopterus natalensis] SPECIES Litomosa dogieli Bogdanov & Vladimirov, 1956 [=Litomosa desportesi Bain, 1967] [syn. Sonin 1975 p.312] TYPE SPECIES Litomosa filaria (Beneden, 1873) [=Litosoma filaria Beneden, 1873] SPECIES Litomosa goodmani Martin, Bain, Jouvenet, Raharimanga, Robert & Rousset, 2006:4 [Madagascar; Parasite of Miniopterus gleni in Mammalia] SPECIES Litomosa hanaki Hosek, 1985 SPECIES Litomosa hugoti Petit, 1980:368 [mammalian host] SPECIES Litomosa jairajpurii Trivedi & Gupta, 1989:315 [host Hipposideros pallidus in Mammalia] SPECIES Litomosa japonica Ohbayashi & Kamiya, 1979:12 [mammalian host] SPECIES Litomosa maki Tibayrenc, Bain & Ramachandran, 1979:183 [mammalian host] SPECIES Litomosa ottavianii Lagrange & Bettini, 1948 [=Litomosa beaucournui Bain, 1967] [syn. Sonin 1975 p.315; Diagnostic; Meszaros & Mas Coma 1980 p.61] SPECIES Litomosa skarbilovitschi Petrow & Tacherbakova, 1954 SPECIES Litomosa thomomydis (Gardner & Schmidt, 1986):236 [host Thomomys talpoides in Mammalia; syn. Guerrero, Martin, Gardner & Bain 2002 p.191] [=Litomosoides thomomydis Gardner & Schmidt, 1986] SPECIES Litomosa vaucheri Petit, 1980:372 [mammalian host] SPECIES Litomosa westi (Gardner & Schmidt, 1986):239 [host Geomys bursarius in Mammalia; syn. & Redescription; Guerrero, Martin, Gardner & Bain 2002 p.191] [=Litomosoides westi Gardner & Schmidt, 1986] GENUS Litomosoides Chandler, 1931 [=Finlaynema Vigueras, 1934] [=Vestibulosetaria Vogel & Gabaldon, 1932] SPECIES Litomosoides andersoni Brant & Gardner, 1997:700 [Oruro, Rancho Huancaroma, Host Ctenomys opimus in Mammalia] SPECIES Litomosoides anguyai Notarnicola, Bain & Navone, 2002:130 [Parasite of Oxymycterus misionalis in Mammalia] SPECIES Litomosoides artibei Esslinger, 1973 SPECIES Litomosoides barretti Muller, 1980:81 [mammalian host] SPECIES Litomosoides bonaerensis Notarnicola, Bain & Navone, 2000:1318 [Buenos Aires, Hudson, Parasite of Oligoryzomys delticola in Mammalia] SPECIES Litomosoides brasiliensis Almeida, 1936 [Redescription; Mourao, dos S Avilla & Lent 2002 p.495; described by Guerrero, Martin, Gardner & Bain 2002 p.185; Lins de Almeida] SPECIES Litomosoides caliensis Esslinger, 1973 SPECIES Litomosoides carinii Travassos, 1919 [Redescription; Bain, Petit & Diagne 1989 p.269] [=Micropleura sigmodoni Ochoterena & caballero, 1932] SPECIES Litomosoides carolliae Caballero, 1944 SPECIES Litomosoides chagasfilhoi de Moraes-Neto, Lanfredi & de Souza, 1997:138 [host Akodon cursor in Mammalia] SPECIES Litomosoides chandleri Esslinger, 1973 [Redescription; Guerrero, Martin, Gardner & Bain 2002 p.185] SPECIES Litomosoides chitwoodi Bain, Guerrero, Rodriguez, Babayan & Jouvenet, 2003 SPECIES Litomosoides circularis Linstow, 1899 SPECIES Litomosoides colombiensis Esslinger, 1973 SPECIES Litomosoides ctenomyos Brant & Gardner, 1997:702 [Oruro, Rancho Huancaroma, Host Ctenomys opimus in Mammalia] SPECIES Litomosoides esslingeri Bain, Petit & Diagne, 1989 [Calomys lepidus - Mammal] SPECIES Litomosoides fosteri Caballero, 1947 SPECIES Litomosoides fotedari Gupta & Trivedi, 1989:153 [host Taphozous melanopogon in Mammalia] SPECIES Litomosoides galizae Bain, Petit & Diagne, 1989:278 [host Oryzomys (Oecomys) trinitatis tapajinus in Mammalia; Diagnostic; de Moraes Neto, Lanfredi & de Souza 1997 p.142] SPECIES Litomosoides guiterasi Perez, 1934 [Redescription; Guerrero, Martin, Gardner & Bain 2002 p.189; Redescription; Guerrero, Martin, Gardner & Bain 2002 p.189] [=Litomosoides penai Jimenez-Quiros & Abroyo, 1960] [penei?; syn. Sonin 1975 p.329] SPECIES Litomosoides hamletti Sandground, 1934 SPECIES Litomosoides hoplomyis [Hoplomys gymnurus - Mammal] SPECIES Litomosoides kohnae Bain, Petit & Diagne, 1989:283 [host Nectomys squamipes in Mammalia] SPECIES Litomosoides legerae Bain, Petit & Berteaux, 1980:229 [mammalian host] SPECIES Litomosoides leonilavazquezae Caballero, 1939 SPECIES Litomosoides molossi Esslinger, 1973 SPECIES Litomosoides navonae Notarnicola, 2005:172 [Argentina; Parasite of Nectomys squamipes in Mammalia] SPECIES Litomosoides odilae Notarnicola & Navone, 2002:967 [Parasite of Oligoryzomys nigripes in Mammalia] SPECIES Litomosoides oxymycteri Notarnicola, Bain & Navone, 2000:1322 [Buenos Aires, Hudson, Parasite of Oxymycterus rufus in Mammalia] SPECIES Litomosoides patersoni Mazza, 1928 [Holochilus vulpinus - Mammal] SPECIES Litomosoides petteri Bain, Petit & Berteaux, 1980:226 [mammalian host] SPECIES Litomosoides scotti Forrester & Kinsella, 1973 [Redescription; Bain, Petit & Diagne 1989 p.278] SPECIES Litomosoides serpicula (Molin, 1858) [syn. Guerrero, Martin, Gardner & Bain 2002 p.184] [=Filaria serpicula Molin, 1858] SPECIES Litomosoides sigmodontis Chandler, 1931 [Redescription; Bain, Petit & Diagne 1989 p.275; Diagnostic; de Moraes Neto, Lanfredi & de Souza 1997 p.142] SPECIES Litomosoides silvai Padiha & Faria, 1977 [Redescription; de Moraes Neto, Lanfredi & De Souza 1996 p.988] SPECIES Litomosoides solarii Guerrero, Martin, Gardner & Bain, 2002:190 [Parasite of Trachops cirrhosus in Mammalia] SPECIES Litomosoides teshi Esslinger, 1973 SPECIES Litomosoides tewarii Gupta & Trivedi, 1989:156 [host Megaderma lyra in Mammalia] SPECIES Litomosoides wilsoni Guerrero, Martin, Gardner & Bain, 2002:179 [Parasite of Monodelphis emiliae in Mammalia] SPECIES Litomosoides yutajensis Guerrero, Martin & Bain, 2003:219 [Parasite of Pteronotus parnelli in Mammalia] GENUS Loaina Eberhard & Orihel, 1984:51 [Type is Dirofilaria uniformis Price 1957] SPECIES Loaina scapiceps Leidy, 1886 [syn. Eberhard & Orihel 1984 p.51; Redescription; Bartlett 1983 p.1013] TYPE SPECIES Loaina uniformis (Price, 1957) [=Dirofilaria uniformis Price, 1957] GENUS Macdonaldius Khanna, 1933 [=Saurofilaria Caballero, 1954] SPECIES Macdonaldius andersoni Chabaud & Frank, 1961 SPECIES Macdonaldius grassii (Caballero, 1954) [Redescription; Cid del Prado Vera 1971 p.83] [=Saurofilaria grassii Caballero, 1954] SPECIES Macdonaldius mackiewiczi Chattervati, 1985:271 [host Kachuga tectum in Reptilia] SPECIES Macdonaldius seetae Khanna, 1933 GENUS Mansonella Faust, 1929:468 [ref. Uni Bain, & Takaoka 2004; Orihel & Eberhard 1982 p.1145; syn. of Dipetalonema by Sonin 1975 p.122] SUBGENUS Cutifilaria Bain & Schulz-Key, 1974 SPECIES Cutifilaria perforata (Uni, Bain & Takaoka, 2004):132 [Parasite of Cervus nippon nippon in Mammalia] [=Mansonella perforata Uni, Bain & Takaoka, 2004] SPECIES Cutifilaria wenki Bain & Schulz-Key, 1974 [syn. Uni, Bain & Takaoka 2004 p.131] SUBGENUS Esslingeria Chabaud & Bain, 1976 [syn. Eberhard & Orihel 1984 p.486] SPECIES Esslingeria leopoldi Berghe, Peel & Chardome, 1957 SPECIES Esslingeria longicapita (Eberhard, Campo-Aasen & Orihel, 1984):501 [host Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris in Mammalia] [=Mansonella longicapita Eberhard, Campo-Aasen & Orihel, 1984] SPECIES Esslingeria lopeensis (Bain, Moisson, Huerre, Landsoud-Soukate & Tutin, 1995):318 [host Gorilla gorilla gorilla in Mammalia] [=Mansonella lopeensis Bain, Moisson, Huerre, Landsoud-Soukate & Tutin, 1995] SPECIES Esslingeria rotundicapita (Eberhard, Campo-Aasen & Orihel, 1984):498 [host Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris in Mammalia] [=Mansonella rotundicapita Eberhard, Campo-Aasen & Orihel, 1984] SUBGENUS Mansonella Faust, 1929:468 SPECIES Mansonella barbascalensis [Aotus vociferans - Mammal] SPECIES Mansonella llewellyni Price, 1962 [Eberhard & Orihel 1984 p.486] SPECIES Mansonella longicapitata Eberhard, Campo-Aasen & Orihel, 1984 SPECIES Mansonella ozzardi Manson, 1897 [Redescription; Orihel & Eberhard 1982 p.1143] SPECIES Mansonella perstans Manson, 1891 [Dipetalonema?] SPECIES Mansonella rodhaini [Homo sapiens - Mammal] SPECIES Mansonella rotundicapitata Eberhard, Campo-Aasen & Orihel, 1984 SPECIES Mansonella semiclarum Fain, 1974 SPECIES Mansonella streptocerca [(Primate) - Mammal; Dipetalonema?] SUBGENUS Sandnema Chabaud & Bain, 1976 [syn. Eberhard & Orihel 1984 p.491] SPECIES Sandnema sunci Sandground, 1933 SUBGENUS Tetrapetalonema Faust, 1935 [Chabaud & Bain 1976; diagnostic; Eberhard 1978 p.207; Eberhard & Orihel 1984 p.491; Orihel & Eberhard 1982 p.1145] [=Parlitomosa Nagaty, 1935] SPECIES Tetrapetalonema akitensis Uni, 1983:76 [Eberhard & Orihel 1984 p.486; host Selenarctos thibetanus japonicus in Mammalia] SPECIES Tetrapetalonema colombiensis Esslinger, 1982:1138 [host Saimiri sciureus in Mammalia; Description; Petit 1985 p.264] SPECIES Tetrapetalonema interstitium Price, 1962 [syn. Eberhard & Orihel 1984 p.486] SPECIES Tetrapetalonema mariae (Petit, Bain & Roussilhon, 1985):72 [host Saimiri sciureus in Mammalia] [=Mansonella mariae Petit, Bain & Roussilhon, 1985] SPECIES Tetrapetalonema marmosetae (Faust, 1935) [Redescription; Bain, Petit & Rosales Loesener 1986 p.530] [=Mansonella marmosetae Faust, 1935] SPECIES Tetrapetalonema mystaxi Eberhard, 1978:204 [mammalian host] SPECIES Tetrapetalonema panamensis (McCoy, 1936) [Aotus nancymai - Mammal; syn. Esslinger 1979 p.924] [=Microfilaria panamensis McCoy, 1936] SPECIES Tetrapetalonema peruviana (Bain, Petit & Rosales-Loesener, 1986):538 [host Saimiri sciureus in Mammalia] [=Mansonella peruviana Bain, Petit & Rosales-Loesener, 1986] SPECIES Tetrapetalonema saimiri Esslinger, 1981:268 [host Saimiri sciureus in Mammalia] SPECIES Tetrapetalonema tamarinae (Dunn & Lambrecht, 1963) [Redescription; Bain, Petit & Rosales Loesener 1986 p.535] [=Mansonella tamarinae Dunn & Lambrecht, 1963] SPECIES Tetrapetalonema zakii Nagaty, 1935 SUBGENUS Tupainema Eberhard & Orihel, 1984:486 [Type is Tetrapetalonema dunni Mullin & Orihel 1972] TYPE SPECIES Tupainema dunni (Mullin & Orihel, 1972) [=Tetrapetalonema dunni Mullin & Orihel, 1972] GENUS Microfilaria Cobbold, 1882 [collective group ??] SPECIES Microfilaria bancrofti [Homo sapiens - Mammal] SPECIES Microfilaria bolivarensis Godoy, Orihel & Volcan, 1980:545 [Venezuela; human hosts] SPECIES Microfilaria galactotes Makhlouf, Sakla & Monib, 1982:65 [Egypt; host Erythropygia galactotes galactotes in Aves] SPECIES Microfilaria ranae-sylvaticae [Rana sylvatica (Reptile)] SPECIES Microfilaria rodhaini [Culicoides (Invertebrate)] SPECIES Microfilaria sundaicus Purnomo & Bangs, 1995:32 [Indonesia; host Rhinolophus affinis in Mammalia] GENUS Migonella Lent, Freitas & Proença, 1946 SPECIES Migonella fracchiai Lent & Freitas, 1946 GENUS Molossinema Georgi, Georgi, Jiang & Frongillo, 1987:225 [Type is M. wimsatti] SPECIES Molossinema wimsatti Georgi, Georgi, Jiang & Frongillo, 1987:225 [host Molossus ater in Mammalia] GENUS Monanema Anteson, 1968 SPECIES Monanema globulosa Muller & Nelson, 1975 [Diagnostic; Bain, Bartlett & Petit 1986 p.471; host Meriones unguiculatus - Mammal] SPECIES Monanema marmotae Webster, 1967 [also in Ackertia?; Diagnostic; Bain, Bartlett & Petit 1986 p.471] SPECIES Monanema martini Bain, Bartlett & Petit, 1986:465 [host Arvicanthis niloticus in Mammalia] SPECIES Monanema nilotica El Bihari, Hussein & Muller, 1977 [Description; Bain, Petit & Gueye 1985 p.86] GENUS Onchocerca Diesing in Hermann, 1841b [Diagnostic; Engelkirk, Williams, Schmidt & Leid 1982 p.226] [=Acanthospiculum Skrjabin & Schikhobalova, 1948:133] [=Onchocera] [misspelling] [=Onchocerea Schneidemuehl, 1896] [=Onchocerka Schneidemuehl, 1896] [=Onchourea Nicoll, 1915] [misspelling] [=Oncocerca Creplin, 1846b] [unnec. emend.] [=Wehrdikmansia Caballero, 1945] [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] SPECIES Onchocerca alcis Bain & Rehbinder, 1986:447 [host Alces alces in Mammalia] SPECIES Onchocerca armillata Railliet & Henry, 1909 SPECIES Onchocerca baeveri Bain, Chabaud & Landau, 1978:414 [mammalian host] SPECIES Onchocerca caprae Linstow, 1883 SPECIES Onchocerca cebei Galliard, 1937 [Description; Tongson, Gegato & Canillas 1981 p.42] SPECIES Onchocerca cervicalis Railliet & Henry, 1910 [Redescription; Bain & Petit 1978 p.315] SPECIES Onchocerca cervipedis Wehr & Dikmans, 1935 SPECIES Onchocerca denkei Bain, Vassiliades & Delbove, 1982:588 [host Bos taurus in Mammalia] SPECIES Onchocerca dermata Bain, Bussieras & Amegee, 1974 SPECIES Onchocerca dewittei dewittei Bain, Ramachandran, Petter & Mak, 1977 [Redescription; Uni, Bain, Takaoka, Miyashita & Suzuki 2001 p.221] SPECIES Onchocerca dukei Bain, Bussieras & Amegee, 1976 SPECIES Onchocerca fasciata Railliet & Henry, 1910 [Redescription; Bain & Nasher 1981 p.402] SPECIES Onchocerca flexuosa (Wedl, 1956) [=Wehrdikmansia flexuosa Wedl, 1956] SPECIES Onchocerca garmsi Schulz Key, 1976 [Description; Demiaszkiewicz 1989 p.162] SPECIES Onchocerca gibsoni Cleland & Johnston, 1910 [Description; Bain & Beveridge 1979 p.74; Ottley & Moorhouse 1979 p.370] SPECIES Onchocerca gutturosa Neumann, 1910 [Redescription; Eberhard 1979 p.380] SPECIES Onchocerca hamoni Denke & Bain, 1981:344 [host Kobus (Adenota) kob in Mammalia] SPECIES Onchocerca indica [Bos taurus - Mammal] SPECIES Onchocerca jakutensis Gubanov, 1964 [Redescription; Demiaszkiewicz 1993 p.124] SPECIES Onchocerca katangensis Gedoelst, 1916 SPECIES Onchocerca lerouxi Bain, Chabaud & Landau, 1978:410 [mammalian host] SPECIES Onchocerca lienalis Stiles, 1892 [Redescription; Bain & Beveridge 1979 p.117; Ottley & Moorhouse 1979 p.374] [= linealis Stiles, 1892] [misspelling] [=Onchocerca skrjabini Ruchljadev, 1964] [syn. Sonin 1975 p.50] SPECIES Onchocerca lupi Rodonaja, 1967 [Description; Demiaszkiewicz, Matsaberidze & Kvavadze 1991 p.183] SPECIES Onchocerca ochengi Bwangomoi, 1969 [Diagnostic; Wahl & Schibel 1998 p.343] SPECIES Onchocerca pandei (Shastri, 1986):273 [host Bubalus bubalis in Mammalia] [=Oncocerca pandei Shastri, 1986] SPECIES Onchocerca ramachandrini Bain, Wahl & Renz, 1993:139 [host Phacochoerus aethiopicus in Mammalia] SPECIES Onchocerca reticulata Diesing in Hermann, 1841b SPECIES Onchocerca schulzkeyi Denke & Bain, 1981:339 [host Hippotragus equinus in Mammalia] SPECIES Onchocerca sonini Bain, Chabaud & Landau, 1978:405 [mammalian host] SPECIES Onchocerca stilesi Eberhard, 1979:382 [mammalian host] SPECIES Onchocerca suzukii Yagi, Bain & Shoho, 1994:351 [host Capricornis crispus in Mammalia] SPECIES Onchocerca sweetae Spratt & Moorhouse, 1971 [syn. of gibsoni and lienalis by Sonin 1975 p.36 ?] SPECIES Onchocerca synceri (Sandground, 1938) [host Syncerus caffer] [=Oncocerca synceri Sandground, 1938] SPECIES Onchocerca tarsicola Bain & Schulz-Key, 1974 SPECIES Onchocerca tubingensis Bain & Schulz-Key, 1974 SPECIES Onchocerca volvulus Leuckart in Mans, 1894 [Redescription; Martinez Baez 1976 p.142; Diagnostic; Wahl & Schibel 1998 p.343] GENUS Paramadochotera Esslinger, 1986:215 [Type is Ochoterenella guibei Bain & Prod'hon 1974] TYPE SPECIES Paramadochotera guibei (Bain & Prod'hon, 1974) [=Ochoterenella guibei Bain & Prod'hon, 1974] GENUS Paraochoterenella Purnomo & Bangs, 1999:187 [Type is Paraochoterenella javanensis] SPECIES Paraochoterenella javanensis Purnomo & Bangs, 1999:188 [Java, Bekasi, Host Rana cancrivora in Amphibia] GENUS Paraprocta Maplestone, 1931:89 [ref. Mackerras 1962] SPECIES Paraprocta brevicauda Chandler, 1924 GENUS Paulianfilaria Chabaud, Petter & Golvan, 1961 TYPE SPECIES Paulianfilaria pauliani (Chabaud & Petter, 1958) [Madagascar; hosts Propithecus verreauxi majori and P. v. verreauxi] [=Dirofilaria pauliani Chabaud & Petter, 1958] GENUS Pseudolitomosa Yamaguti, 1941 SPECIES Pseudolitomosa musasabi Yamaguti, 1941 GENUS Rumenfilaria Lankester & Snider, 1982:2455 SPECIES Rumenfilaria andersoni Lankester & Snider, 1982:2457 [host Alces alces in Mammalia] GENUS Serofilaria Wu & Yun in Wu, Yun, Jia, Xu & Xiao Nin, 1979:113 [English p. 116; Dipetalonematidae] SPECIES Serofilaria suis Wu & Yun in Wu, Yun, Jia, Xu & Xiao-Nin, 1979:113 [host Sus scrofa in Mammalia, English p. 117] GENUS Skrjabinofilaria Travassos, 1925 [=Cortiamosoides Foster, 1939:185] [type is philanderi] SPECIES Skrjabinofilaria philanderi (Foster, 1939) [Panama; host Philander laniger pallidus] [=Cortiamosoides philanderi Foster, 1939] SPECIES Skrjabinofilaria pricei Vaz & Pereira, 1934 TYPE SPECIES Skrjabinofilaria skrjabini Travassos, 1925 GENUS Sprattia Chabaud & Bain, 1976 SPECIES Sprattia capilliforme Baylis, 1934 SPECIES Sprattia venacavincola Spratt & Varughese, 1975 GENUS Strianema Eberhard, Orihel & Campo Aasen, 1993:235 [Type is S. venezuelensis] SPECIES Strianema venezuelensis Eberhard, Orihel & Campo-Aasen, 1993:235 [host Dasypus sabanicola in Mammalia] GENUS Wuchereria Silva Araujo, 1877 SPECIES Wuchereria bancrofti Cobbold, 1877 [Diagnostic; Mak, Chiang & Cheong 1984 p.116; Diagnostic; Sucharit, Harinasuta, Viraboonchai & Smithanonda 1975 p.549] SPECIES Wuchereria filaria Silva Araujo, 1877 [Filaria wuchereria?] SPECIES Wuchereria kalimantani Palmieri, Purnomo, Dennis & Marwoto, 1980:647 [mammalian host] SPECIES Wuchereria lewisi Schacher, 1969 SPECIES Wuchereria patei Buckley, Nelson & Heisch, 1958 [host Cats, Dogs and Geneta tigrina] GENUS Yatesia Bain, Baker & Chabaud, 1982:618 TYPE SPECIES Yatesia hydrochoerus (Yates, 1980) [ in subgenus Acanthocheilonema; Diagnostic; Yates 1988 p.144] [=Dipetalonema hydrochoerus Yates, 1980] SUBFAMILY Setariinae Yorke & Maplestone, 1926 GENUS Papillosetaria Vevers, 1922 SPECIES Papillosetaria malayi Bain & Shoho, 1978:96 [mammalian host] SPECIES Papillosetaria traguli Vevers, 1922 SPECIES Papillosetaria veversi Maplestone, 1931 GENUS Setaria Viborg, 1795:235 [=Amularia Brera, 1810a] [=Anchilocephali Brera, 1810:225] [=Artionema Yeh, 1959] [=Crino Lamarck in Virey, 1798:429] [undated; also 1801 p.339; syn. Baylis & Daubney 1926 p.200] [=Crinola Rafinesque, 1815:151] [emend. pro Crino Lamarck 1801] [=Crinon Chabert, 1782:120] [syn. Baylis & Daubney 1926 p.200] [=Crinopsis Rafinesque, 1815] [nomen nudum] [=Hamularia Treutler, 1793] [type is lymphatica] [=Hamullaria Slawikowski, 1819:23] [misspelling] [=Haularia Lee, 1840] [misspelling] [=Helminthus Dunglison, 1895:518] [=Homularia Meyer, 1794:261] [misspelling] [=Hyraconema Yeh, 1959] [=Setoria Viborg, 1795] [misspelling in Neave] [=Tentacularia Zeder, 1800] [=Tentacularia Zeder in Goeze, 1800] [see Stiles 1907; praeocc. in Cestoda for Bosc 1797] SPECIES Setaria africana Yeh, 1959 SPECIES Setaria altaica Rajewskaja, 1928 SPECIES Setaria bernardi Railliet & Henry, 1911 [Description; Shoho & Machida 1979 p.243] SPECIES Setaria bicoronata Linstow, 1901 SPECIES Setaria bidentata Molin, 1858 SPECIES Setaria boulengeri Thwaite, 1927 SPECIES Setaria capreoli Kadenazii, 1957 SPECIES Setaria castroi Ortlepp, 1964 [host Phacochoerus aethiopicus] SPECIES Setaria cervi Rudolphi, 1819 [Diagnostic; Sharma, Singh & Sahai 1977 p.189] SPECIES Setaria congolensis Sandground, 1933 [Railliet and Henry 1911 ?; host Phacochoerus porcus] SPECIES Setaria cornuta Linstow, 1899 SPECIES Setaria digitata Linstow, 1906 [Diagnostic; Sharma, Singh & Sahai 1977 p.189] SPECIES Setaria dipetalonematoides Chabaud & Rousselot, 1956 [host Guevei (Philantomba) coeruleus] SPECIES Setaria dubosti Desset, 1966 SPECIES Setaria effilaria Linstow, 1897 [1879 ?; host Tragulus pygmaeus] TYPE SPECIES Setaria equina Abildgaard in Müller, 1789:49 [ Railliet & Henry 1911] [=Gordius equinus Abildgaard in Müller, 1789] SPECIES Setaria gagarini Mamedov, 1970 SPECIES Setaria gaillardi Desset, 1966 SPECIES Setaria hartwichi (Yeh, 1959) [=Artionema hartwichi Yeh, 1959] SPECIES Setaria hornbyi Boulenger, 1921 [host Hippotragus niger, H. equinus, Oreostragus, Cephalophus, Equus, Adenota, Cervicapra, Sylvicapra, Redunca, Kobus, Damaliscus, Rhaphiceros] SPECIES Setaria hyracis Baylis, 1932 [host Dendrohyrax] SPECIES Setaria indica [host Ovis aries - Mammal] [=Artionema indica] SPECIES Setaria javensis Vevers, 1923 [Diagnostic; Yen, Zaman & Mak 1982 p.75] SPECIES Setaria kabarga Kadenazii, 1948 SPECIES Setaria labiatopapillosa Alessandrini, 1838 SPECIES Setaria latilineata Xia, Zhan & Li in Xia, Zhan, Li, Wu & Su, 1979:225 [host Bos in Mammalia, English p. 226] SPECIES Setaria longicauda Chabaud & Rousselot, 1956 [host Adenota kob] SPECIES Setaria loveridgei Sandground, 1928 [host Procavia brucei prittwitzi, P. b. frommei, Dendrohyrax] SPECIES Setaria lymphatica (Treutler, 1793) [=Hamularia lymphatica Treutler, 1793] SPECIES Setaria machadoi Desset, 1966 SPECIES Setaria marshalli Boulenger, 1931 SPECIES Setaria pillersi Thwaite, 1927 [host Kobus vardoni, Adenota kob thomasi] SPECIES Setaria poultoni Thwaite, 1927 [host Bubalis lelwel jacksoni, Damaliscus tiang] SPECIES Setaria rodhaini Van Den Berghe & Vuylsteke, 1936 [host Potamochoerus porcus] SPECIES Setaria saegeri Le Van Hoa, 1962 SPECIES Setaria sandersoni Baylis, 1936 [host Philantomba melanorhea] SPECIES Setaria scalprum Linstow, 1908 [host Rhaphicercus campestris] SPECIES Setaria shohoi Desset, 1966 SPECIES Setaria southwelli Thwaite, 1927 [host Cephalophus] SPECIES Setaria thomasi Sandosham, 1954 [Redescription; Bain & Shoho 1978 p.94; Tha Khin & Khin Khin Wi 1981 p.241] SPECIES Setaria thwaitei Mönnig, 1933 [host Oxanna nigra, Egocerus equinus, Kobus ellipsiprymnus, Hippotragus equinus] SPECIES Setaria transcaucasica Assadov, 1952 SPECIES Setaria transversata Linstow, 1907 [host Cephalophus melanorheus, C. silvicultor, Tragelaphus scriptus] SPECIES Setaria tundra Isaichikov & Rajewskaja, 1928 SPECIES Setaria yehi Desset, 1966 SPECIES Setaria yorkei Thwaite, 1927 [host Aepyceros melampus and Tragelaphus scriptus] SUBFAMILY Splendidofilariinae Chabaud & Choquet, 1953 [=Micipsellinae Sonin, 1971] [=Nicanoriinae Freitas, Vicente & Pinto, 1970] [=Ornithofilariinae Chabaud & Anderson, 1959] GENUS Aproctella Cram, 1931 [=Carinella Pereira & Vaz, 1933:220] [nomen nova] [=Carinema Pereira & Vaz, 1933:56] [praeocc.; type is carinii; syn. Anderson 1957 p.25] SPECIES Aproctella alessandroi Bain, Petit, Kozek & Chabaud, 1981:96 [host Thraupis episcopus in Aves] SPECIES Aproctella ardae (Mawson, 1957):213 [host Ardea herodias] [=Carinema ardae Mawson, 1957] SPECIES Aproctella bilqeesae (Gupta & Jaiswal, 1989):162 [host Podiceps ruficollis in Aves] [=Carinema bilqeesae Gupta & Jaiswal, 1989] SPECIES Aproctella campanae (Chabaud & Golvan, 1956):405 [host Turdus musicus] [=Carinema campanae Chabaud & Golvan, 1956] SPECIES Aproctella carinii (Pereira & Vaz, 1933):56 [host Xanthornus] [=Carinema carinii Pereira & Vaz, 1933] SPECIES Aproctella dubia (Johnston & Mawson, 1940):355 [=Carinema dubia Johnston & Mawson, 1940] SPECIES Aproctella fotedari (Gupta & Johri, 1989):122 [host Spizaetus cirrhatus in Aves] [=Carinema fotedari Gupta & Johri, 1989] SPECIES Aproctella golvani Bain, Petit, Kozek & Chabaud, 1981:101 [host Loxigilla noctis in Aves] SPECIES Aproctella graucaulinus (Johnston & Mawson, 1940):355 [placed Paraprocta by Anderson 1957 $25] [=Carinema graucaulinus Johnston & Mawson, 1940] SPECIES Aproctella nuda Haman, 1940 SPECIES Aproctella stoddardi Cram, 1931 [Redescription; Pinto, Vicente, Noronha & de Fabio 1993 p.4] SPECIES Aproctella thahari (Gupta & Kumar, 1979):117 [avian host; syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1987 p.1107] [=Carinema thahari Gupta & Kumar, 1979] SPECIES Aproctella tuberculata Ramnivas, 1979:265 [avian host] GENUS Aproctoides Chandler, 1929:3 [ref. Dey Sarkar 1999] SPECIES Aproctoides cameroni Gupta & Jaiswal, 1987:157 [India; host Milvus migrans in Aves] SPECIES Aproctoides lissum Chandler, 1929 SPECIES Aproctoides singhi Gupta & Kumar, 1979:115 [India; avian host] [=Aproctoides singhi Ramnivas, 1979:267] [India; avian host; which is first?] GENUS Avifilaris Chapman Saunders, 1955:38 TYPE SPECIES Avifilaris fringillidarum Chapman Saunders, 1955 SPECIES Avifilaris tyrannidarum Chapman Saunders, 1955 GENUS Cardianema Alicata, 1933:95 SPECIES Cardianema cistudinis Leidy, 1856 GENUS Cardiofilaria Strom, 1937:217 [=Francofilaria Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1970] [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Gallifilaria Jain, Alwar, Awadhiya & Pandit, 1965] [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Pseudaproctella Anderson, 1957] SPECIES Cardiofilaria basiri (Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1970) [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Francofilaria basiri Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1970] SPECIES Cardiofilaria brosseti Chabaud & Bain, 1990:15 [host Campethera caroli in Aves] SPECIES Cardiofilaria erardi Chabaud & Bain, 1990:12 [host Alethe diademata castanea in Aves] SPECIES Cardiofilaria inornata Anderson, 1956 SPECIES Cardiofilaria major Dissanaike & Fernando, 1965 [=Cardiofilaria chabaudi Dissanaike & Fernando, 1965] [syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1980 p.83] [=Pseudaproctella major Chabaud, Brygoo & Richard, 1964] [syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1980 p.83; as variety of andersoni] SPECIES Cardiofilaria mhowensis (Jain, Alwar, Awadhiya & Pandit, 1965) [Gallus gallus domesticus (Bird); syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Gallifilaria mhowensis Jain, Alwar, Awadhiya & Pandit, 1965] SPECIES Cardiofilaria nilesi Dissanaike & Fernando, 1965 [Diagnostic; Mak, Chiang & Cheong 1984 p.116; host mosquito] TYPE SPECIES Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi Strom, 1937 SPECIES Cardiofilaria pyrrhurae Freitas & Mendonca, 1952 GENUS Chandlerella Yorke & Maplestone, 1926:404 [=Lerouxinema Singh, 1949] [=Parachandlerella Caballero, 1948] [syn. Anderson 1961 p.201] [=Parornithofilaria Sonin, 1965] [=Skrjabinocta Tschertkowa, 1946] [syn. Anderson 1961 p. 322] [=Vagrifilaria Augustine, 1937] [syn. Anderson 1961 p.201; Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Vagriofilaria] [misspelling] TYPE SPECIES Chandlerella bosei (Chandler, 1924) [ host Dissemurus paradiseus] [=Filaria bosei Chandler, 1924] SPECIES Chandlerella braziliensis Yeh, 1957:33 [host Rhamphastus dicolorus] SPECIES Chandlerella bushi Bartlett & Anderson, 1987:2799 [host Fulica americana in Aves] SPECIES Chandlerella chitwoodae Anderson, 1961:317 [host Padda oryzivora] [= flexivaginalis Jones, 1961] [syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1980 p.85] [=Chandlerella hispanica Lopez Caballero, 1974] [syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1980 p.85] SPECIES Chandlerella columbae (Sonin, 1966) [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Vagrifilaria columbae Sonin, 1966] SPECIES Chandlerella columbigallinae (Angustine, 1937) [placed Rasheed 1960 p. 79; Redescription; Gupta & Johri 1989 p.115] [=Vagrifilaria columbigallinae Angustine, 1937] SPECIES Chandlerella falconis Sonin, 1966 SPECIES Chandlerella hepatica (Schmidt & Kuntz, 1970) [syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1987 p.1107] [=Parornithofilaria hepatica Schmidt & Kuntz, 1970] SPECIES Chandlerella inversa Chabaud, 1979:295 [avian host] SPECIES Chandlerella lienalis Orloff, 1947 [Armenia; host Caccabis shukar] SPECIES Chandlerella longicaudata (Sonin, 1966) [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Vagrifilaria longicaudata Sonin, 1966] SPECIES Chandlerella longigutturata [Bubo virginianus in Aves] SPECIES Chandlerella natali (Borgarenko, 1990):195 [avian host] [=Skrjabinocta natali Borgarenko, 1990] SPECIES Chandlerella periarterialis (Caballero, 1948) [Anderson 1961 p. 201] [=Parachandlerella periarterialis Caballero, 1948] SPECIES Chandlerella petrowi (Tschertkova, 1946) [Anderson 1961 p. 322] [=Skrjabinocta petrowi Tschertkova, 1946] SPECIES Chandlerella quiscali Linstow, 1904 SPECIES Chandlerella shaldybini Gubanov, 1954:381 [no description; host Phalacrocoras urile in kidney] SPECIES Chandlerella sinensis Li, 1933:192 [host Corvus sinensis in lung] SPECIES Chandlerella singhi Ali, 1957:60 [host caprimulgus in heart] SPECIES Chandlerella skrjabini (Petrow & Tschertkowa in Skrjabin & Schikhobalowa, 1948) [Anderson 1961 p.201 placed in Chandlerella] [=Cardiofilaria skrjabini Petrow & Tschertkowa in Skrjabin & Schikhobalowa, 1948] SPECIES Chandlerella stantschinskyi Gilbert, 1930:104 [USSR; host Oriolus oriolus; Parornithofilaria] SPECIES Chandlerella striata Ochoterena & Caballero, 1932:29 [host Rana montezumae] SPECIES Chandlerella sultana (Sonin, 1966) [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Vagrifilaria sultana Sonin, 1966] SPECIES Chandlerella thapari Rasheed, 1960:77 [India; host Saxicola torquata indica in peritoneal cavity] SPECIES Chandlerella travassosi (Koroliova, 1926) [Anderson 1961 p.201; host Merops apiaster] [=Splendidofilaria travassosi Koroliova, 1926] GENUS Dunnifilaria Mullin & Balasingham, 1973 SPECIES Dunnifilaria dilli Mak & Weaver, 1979:74 [mammalian host] SPECIES Dunnifilaria meningica Gutierrez-Pena, 1987:294 [host Neotoma micropus in Mammalia] SPECIES Dunnifilaria ramachandrani Mullm & Balasingham, 1973 GENUS Madathamugadia Chabaud, Anderson & Brygoo, 1959 SPECIES Madathamugadia bissani Bain, Wanji, Petit, Paperna & Finkelman, 1993:106 [host Mabuya quinquetaeniata in Reptilia] SPECIES Madathamugadia hiepei Hering-Hagenbeck, Boomker, Petit, Killick-Kendrick & Bain, 2000:207 [Gauteng, Medical University of Southern Africa campus, Parasite of Pachydactylus turneri in Reptilia] SPECIES Madathamugadia huambensis (Petit, Bain, Gomes & Touratier, 1983):743 [host Mabuya in Reptilia; syn. Bain, Wanji, Petit, Paperna & Finkelman 1993 p.106] [=Piratuboides huambensis Petit, Bain, Gomes & Touratier, 1983] SPECIES Madathamugadia ineichi Bain, Wanji, Petit, Paperna & Finkelman, 1993:108 [host Pseudocordylus microlepidotus melanotus in Reptilia] SPECIES Madathamugadia ivaschkini (Annaev, 1976) [syn. Bain, Petit, Paperna, Finkelman & Killick Kendrick 1992 p.26] [=Thamugadia ivaschkini Annaev, 1976] SPECIES Madathamugadia versterae Bain, Wanji, Petit, Paperna & Finkelman, 1993:102 [host Mabuya capensis in Reptilia] SPECIES Madathamugadia wanjii Bain, Petit, Paperna, Finkelman & Killick-Kendrick, 1992:26 [host Ptyodactylus hasselquistii in Reptilia] SPECIES Madathamugadia zonosauri Chabaud, Anderson & Brygoo, 1959 GENUS Meningonema Orihel & Esslinger, 1973 SPECIES Meningonema peruzzii Orihel & Esslinger, 1973 GENUS Micipsella Seurat, 1921 [=Cercofilaria Kalantarian, 1924:21] [type is numidica; syn. Yorke & Maplestone 1926 p.419] SPECIES Micipsella indica Rao, 1938 [Diagnostic; Cruz e Silva & Carvalho Varela 1973 p.315] SPECIES Micipsella numidica (Seurat, 1917) [Diagnostic; Cruz e Silva & Carvalho Varela 1973 p.315] [=Filaria numidica Seurat, 1917] GENUS Onchocercella Yorke & Maplestone, 1931 [=Grammophora Gedoelst, 1916] [type is katangensis; praeocc. Guen. 1852] [=Katanga Yorke & Maplestone, 1926] [=Oncocercella] [misspelling] SPECIES Onchocercella katangensis (Gedoelst, 1916) [host Petrodromus tetradactylus] [=Grammophora katangensis Gedoelst, 1916] GENUS Paronchocerca Peters, 1936 [=Chinesocerca Skrjabin & Schikhobalova, 1937] [syn. Chabaud & Anderson 1959 p. 85] [=Francolinema Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1970] [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Houdemerus Chow, 1939] [syn. of Chinesocerca by Skrjabin & Schikhobalova 1948 p. 108; type is tonkinensis] [=Nicanoria Freitas, Vicente & Pinto, 1970] [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Pseudaproctoides Sonin, 1961] [=Wymania Wehr & Hwang, 1957] SPECIES Paronchocerca badamii Bhalerao & Rao, 1944 SPECIES Paronchocerca bambusicolae (Li, 1933) [Diagnostic; Borgarenko 1984 p.16 as bambucicolae] [=Onchocerca bambusicolae Li, 1933] SPECIES Paronchocerca bumpae Anderson & Prestwood, 1969 SPECIES Paronchocerca ciconiarum Peters, 1936 [Redescription; Bartlett & Anderson 1986 p.2482; host Ephipiorhynchus senegalense] SPECIES Paronchocerca francolina (Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1970) [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Francolinema francolina Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1970] SPECIES Paronchocerca ibanezi (Freitas, Vicente & Pinto, 1970) [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Nicanoria ibanezi Freitas, Vicente & Pinto, 1970] SPECIES Paronchocerca limboonkengi (Hoeppli & Hau, 1929) [syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1986 p.2487] [=Lemdana limboonkengi Hoeppli & Hau, 1929] SPECIES Paronchocerca rousseloti Chabaud & Biocca, 1951 [Redescription; Ramnivas & Srinivas 1982 p.10; host Francolinus finschi, F. Coqui angolensis, Pernistes leucoscepus] SPECIES Paronchocerca sanguinis-ardeae Chabaud and Biocca, 1951 [host Ardea goliath] SPECIES Paronchocerca sonini Borgarenko, 1984:14 [host Scolopax rusticola in Aves] SPECIES Paronchocerca struthionus Bartlett & Anderson, 1986:2480 [host Struthio camelus in Aves] SPECIES Paronchocerca tonkinensis (Chow, 1939) [Diagnostic; Borgarenko 1984 p.16] [=Houdemerus tonkinensis Chow, 1939] GENUS Protofilaria Chandler, 1929 SPECIES Protofilaria furcata Chandler, 1929 GENUS Pseudlemdana Sonin & Shumilo, 1964 SPECIES Pseudlemdana corvicola Shikhobalova, 1948 GENUS Pseudothamugadia Lopez-Neyra, 1956 SPECIES Pseudothamugadia physignathi Johnson, 1912 [Redescription; Bain, Wanji, Petit, Paperna & Finkelman 1993 p.111] GENUS Splendidofilaria Skrjabin, 1923 [=Anenteronema Oschmarin, 1949] [=Lophortofilaria Wehr & Herman, 1956] [=Ornithofilaria Gönnert, 1937] [=Splendidofilarioides Teixeira de Freitas & Ibanez, 1968] [syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1980 p.93] [=Ularofilaria Lubimov, 1946] SUBGENUS Arteriofilaria Lopez Caballero & Jiminez Millan, 1979:562 [Type is S. algonquinensis (Anderson 1955), p. 562] TYPE SPECIES Arteriofilaria algonquinensis Anderson, 1955 [=Splendidofilaria passerina Koch & Huizinga, 1971] [syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1980 p.94] SUBGENUS Avifilaria Lopez Caballero & Jiminez Millan, 1979:564 [Type is S. mavis Leiper 1909, p. 564] TYPE SPECIES Avifilaria mavis Leiper, 1909 SUBGENUS Soninella Lopez Caballero & Jiminez Millan, 1979:563 [Type is S. verrucosa Oschmarin 1950, p. 563] TYPE SPECIES Soninella verrucosa (Oschmarin, 1950) [=Splendidofilaria verrucosa Oschmarin, 1950] SUBGENUS Splendidofilaria Skrjabin, 1923 SPECIES Splendidofilaria boehmi Supperer, 1958 SPECIES Splendidofilaria brevispiculum Singh, 1949 SPECIES Splendidofilaria caperata Hibler, 1964 SPECIES Splendidofilaria chandenieri Bartlett & Bain, 1987:11 [host Estrilda astrild in Aves] SPECIES Splendidofilaria corophila (Hannum, 1943):229 [host Heloderma suspectum in Reptilia; placed by Lopez-Neyra 1956 p.211] [=Chandlerella corophila Hannum, 1943] SPECIES Splendidofilaria fallisentis Anderson, 1954 SPECIES Splendidofilaria gedoelsti Travassos, 1926 SPECIES Splendidofilaria gvozdevi Sonin & Barus, 1978:285 [avian hosts] SPECIES Splendidofilaria mavis Leiper, 1909 SPECIES Splendidofilaria pachacuteci (Freitas & Ibanez, 1968) [syn. Bartlett & Anderson 1980 p.95] [=Splendidofilarioides pachacuteci Freitas & Ibanez, 1968] SPECIES Splendidofilaria pavlovskyi Skrjabin, 1923 [pawlowskyi?] SPECIES Splendidofilaria pectoralis Gibson, 1967 SPECIES Splendidofilaria smithi (Sambon, 1907) [syn. Sonin & Barus 1981 p.149; host Lagopus lagopus (Bird)] [=Filaria smithi Sambon, 1907] [= lagopodis Haaland, 1928] [syn. Sonin & Barus 1981 p.149] [= papillicerca Lubimov, 1946] [syn. Sonin & Barus 1981 p.149] SPECIES Splendidofilaria tuvensis (Spasskii & Sonin, 1957) [=Ornithofilaria tuvensis Spasskii & Sonin, 1957] SPECIES Splendidofilaria urogalli Linstow, 1897 SPECIES Splendidofilaria wehri Anderson, 1961 GENUS Striatofilaria Lubimov, 1927 SPECIES Striatofilaria pelecani Chabaud & Rousselot, 1956 [host Pelecanus rufescens] SPECIES Striatofilaria phoenicopteri Annett, Dutton & Elliott, 1901 [Redescription; Jones & Khalil 1980 p.71] GENUS Thamugadia Seurat, 1917 [=Brygoofilaria Sulahian & Schacher, 1968:831] [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] SPECIES Thamugadia agamae (Sulahian & Schacher, 1968) [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Brygoofilaria agamae Sulahian & Schacher, 1968] SPECIES Thamugadia hemidactyla Deshmukh & Ali, 1966 SPECIES Thamugadia hyalina Seurat, 1917 [host Tarentola mauritanica] SPECIES Thamugadia wertheimae Bain, Wanji, Petit, Paperna & Finkelman, 1993:98 [host Acanthodactylus boskianus boskianus in Reptilia]