FAMILY Kathlaniidae Lane, 1914 [Travassos 1918] [=Dacnitidae Baird, 1853a] SUBFAMILY Cruziinae Travassos, 1917 [as family; as subfam. Ortlepp 1924 p.17] [=Cissophylinae Yorke & Maplestone, 1926:9] GENUS Cruzia Travassos, 1917:100 [=Neocruzia Yamaguti, 1961] [type is morleyi] [=Schizobucca Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950] [syn. of Cruzia by Baker 1987 p.76] SPECIES Cruzia americana Maplestone, 1930:80 [Illinois; host opossum] SPECIES Cruzia boliviana Sprehn, 1932:274 [Bolivia; host Tolypeutes conurus] SPECIES Cruzia brasiliensis Costa, 1965 SPECIES Cruzia cameroni Wolfgang, 1951:352 [Trinidad; host Didelphis marsupialis insularis, karkinophaga] SPECIES Cruzia fuelleborni Khalil & Vogelsang, 1930:72 [Argentina; as fülleborni; host Tupinambis teguixin] SPECIES Cruzia mazza Khalil & Vogelsang, 1932:482 [Argentina; host Tatu novecinctus] SPECIES Cruzia mexicana Khalil, 1926:41 [Mexico; 1927?] SPECIES Cruzia morleyi Pearse, 1936:46 [Yucatan; Bufo horribilis, marinus in Reptilia] SPECIES Cruzia rudolphi Ruiz, 1947:15 [Brazil; host Erythrolamprus aesculapii] TYPE SPECIES Cruzia tentaculata (Rudolphi, 1819):658 [Brazil, Surinam, Mexico, US; host Marmosa cinerea] [=Ascaris tentaculata Rudolphi, 1819] SPECIES Cruzia testudinis Harwood, 1932:47 [Texas; host Terrapene carolina triunguis] SPECIES Cruzia travassosi Khalil & Vogelsang, 1932:481 [Brazil; host Tolypeutes conurus] GENUS Pseudocruzia Wolfgang, 1953 SPECIES Pseudocruzia orientalis (Maplestone, 1930):78 [India; Redescription; Yadav & Tandon 1991 p.136; host domestic pig] [=Cruzia orientalis Maplestone, 1930] SUBFAMILY Kathlaniinae Lane, 1914 [=Onicicolinae Travassos, 1929] [=Probstmayriinae Skrjabin & Schikhobalova, 1951] [Kreis 1955 p.424] GENUS Amblyonema Linstow, 1898 TYPE SPECIES Amblyonema terdentatum Linstow, 1898 GENUS Cissophyllus Railliet & Henry, 1912:257 [=Cissophylus Lane, 1914] [misspelling] [=Sissophyllus Travassos, 1913] TYPE SPECIES Cissophyllus laverani Raillier & Henry, 1912 [ host Testudo emysi; Walton 1927 as syn. of roseus Leidy; Burma?] SPECIES Cissophyllus leytensis Tubangul & Villaamil, 1933:611 [Phillipines; host Hydrosaurus pustulosus] SPECIES Cissophyllus penita (Leidy, 1886) [Trachemys scripta, scabra, Chrysemys scripta in Reptilia] [=Ascaris penita Leidy, 1886] SPECIES Cissophyllus roseus (Leidy, 1851):15 [Java; host Testudo] [=Cucullanus roseus Leidy, 1851] GENUS Dacnitis Dujardin, 1845a [?] [=Dachnitis Cobbold, 1858b] [nomen nova pro Dacnitis!] [=Dacnites van Beneden, 1861:271] [misspelling] [=Dacnitts van Beneden, 1871] [misspelling] [=Daenitis Linstow, 1900] [misspelling] [=Stelmius Dujardin, 1845] [type is praecinctus] SPECIES Dacnitis esuriens Dujardin, 1845a [heterochrous?] GENUS Dacnitoides Ward & Magath, 1917 [Spiruroidea; Seuratoidea] SPECIES Dacnitoides cotylophora Ward & Magath, 1917 [Dichelyne?; Cucullanellus?] GENUS Falcaustra Lane, 1915 [Diagnostic; Bursey, Platt & Rainwater 2000 p.344] [=Dibulbiger Caballero, 1935] [=Florencioia Travassos, 1920] [=Nematoxynema Skrjabin & Schikhobalova, 1951] [=Oxysomoides Walton, 1928] [syn. Baker 1987 p.68; type is tricirratum?] [=Spinonoura Leidy, 1856] [type is poorly defined] [=Velariocephalus Singh, 1958] [=Zanclophorus Baylis & Daubney, 1922] SPECIES Falcaustra affinis Leidy, 1856 [Redescription; Baker 1986 p.230] [=Spironoura hylae Reiber, Byrd & Parker, 1941] [syn. Baker 1986 p.230] [=Spironoura spiculata Reiber, Byrd & Parker, 1941] [syn. Baker 1986 p.230] SPECIES Falcaustra annandalei Baylis & Daubney, 1922 SPECIES Falcaustra ararath (Massino, 1926) [=Zanclophorus ararath Massino, 1926] SPECIES Falcaustra barbi Baylis & Daubney, 1922 [Spironoura by Soota 1975] [=Spironoura kalasiensis Karve & Naik, 1951] [syn. Soota 1975 p.242] [=Spironoura sudanensis Khalil, 1962] [syn. Soota 1975 p.242] SPECIES Falcaustra belemensis Baker & Bain, 1981:117 [host Neusticurus bicarinatus in Reptilia] SPECIES Falcaustra bengalensis Buddhadeb-Manna & Mita-Singha-Mahapatr, 1989:133 [host Geoclemys hamiltoni in Reptilia] SPECIES Falcaustra brevicaudatum Khan & Yaseen, 1969 SPECIES Falcaustra brevispiculata Baylis, 1935 SPECIES Falcaustra caballeroi Chabaud & Golvan, 1957 SPECIES Falcaustra catesbeianae Walton, 1929 [Redescription; Baker 1986 p.234] SPECIES Falcaustra chabaudi Dyer, 1973 SPECIES Falcaustra chelydrae Harwood, 1932 [Redescription; Baker 1986 p.228] SPECIES Falcaustra chiloscyllii Thwaite, 1927 SPECIES Falcaustra condorcanquii Ibanez-H & Cordova-B, 1979:239 [amphibian host] SPECIES Falcaustra costaricae Bursey, Goldberg & Miller, 2004:598 [Parasite of Norops tropidolepis in Reptilia] SPECIES Falcaustra donanaensis Hidalgo Vila, Ribas, Florencio, Perez Santigosa & Casanova, 2006:410 [Spain; Parasite of Mauremys leprosa (Reptilia)] SPECIES Falcaustra duyagi Tubangui & Villaamil, 1933 [Redescription; Berry 1984 p.1686] SPECIES Falcaustra elongata Rudolphi, 1819 SPECIES Falcaustra elseya Johnston & Mawson, 1941 SPECIES Falcaustra falcata Linstow, 1906 [Diagnostic; Buddhadeb Manna & Mita Singha Mahapatr 1989 p.136] SPECIES Falcaustra fernandoi Sathanathan, 1972 SPECIES Falcaustra fordoniae Jones, 1978 SPECIES Falcaustra golvani Chabaud & Brygoo, 1957 [host Rhacophorus goudoti or R. madagascariensis] SPECIES Falcaustra greineri Bursey & Kinsella, 2003:961 [Parasite of Orlitia borneensis in Reptilia] SPECIES Falcaustra guatemalana Caballero, 1953 SPECIES Falcaustra heosemydis Bursey, Goldberg & Miller, 2004:599 [Parasite of Heosemys depressa in Reptilia] SPECIES Falcaustra hinkeli Jackson, 2000:664 [Ebisha, Host Xenopus (Xenopus) fraseri in Amphibia] SPECIES Falcaustra hylae Johnston & Simpson, 1942 SPECIES Falcaustra inglisi (Anderson, 1964) [syn. Baker 1980 p.249] [=Oxysomatium inglisi Anderson, 1964] SPECIES Falcaustra intermedia Caballero, 1939 SPECIES Falcaustra kaverii Karve & Naik, 1951 SPECIES Falcaustra kempi Baylis & Daubney, 1922 SPECIES Falcaustra khadrai Karve, 1941 SPECIES Falcaustra kinsellai Bursey & Freeman, 2005:1150 [Parasite of Heosemys grandis in Reptilia] SPECIES Falcaustra kutcheri Bursey, Platt & Rainwater, 2000:344 [Sulawesi, Cape Santigi, Host Geoemyda yuwonoi in Reptilia] SPECIES Falcaustra leptocephala Baylis & Daubney, 1922 SPECIES Falcaustra longispiculis Caballero, 1935 SPECIES Falcaustra lowei Bursey & Goldberg, 2001:340 [Sonora, Yecora, Parasite of Rana tarahumarae in Amphibia] SPECIES Falcaustra mascula Rudolphi, 1819 SPECIES Falcaustra mexicana Chabaud & Glovan, 1957 SPECIES Falcaustra mirandafroesi Fortes & Hoffman, 1995 SPECIES Falcaustra nilgiriensis Soota & Chaturvedi, 1971 [= chauhani Soota, 1975] [syn. Sood 1989 p.67] SPECIES Falcaustra onama Karve, 1927 SPECIES Falcaustra pelusios Baker, 1983:165 [Pelusios sinuatus in Reptilia] SPECIES Falcaustra pillaii Sathanathan, 1972 SPECIES Falcaustra plethodontis Baker, Goater & Esch, 1987:15 [host Leurognathus marmorata in Amphibia] SPECIES Falcaustra pretiosa Ingles, 1936 SPECIES Falcaustra procera Canavan, 1929 SPECIES Falcaustra pumacahuai Ibanez-H & Cordova-B, 1979:241 [piscean host] SPECIES Falcaustra puylaerti Jackson, 2000:671 [Bo, Host Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis in Amphibia] SPECIES Falcaustra ranae Walton, 1941 SPECIES Falcaustra rangoonica Chatterji, 1936 SPECIES Falcaustra similis Moravec & Van-As, 2004:170 [Parasite of Synodontis nigromaculatus in Pisces] SPECIES Falcaustra stewarti Baylis & Daubney, 1922 [Diagnostic; Buddhadeb Manna & Mita Singha Mahapatr 1989 p.136] SPECIES Falcaustra stromateii Bilqees & Khanum, 1971 SPECIES Falcaustra testudinis Baylis & Daubney, 1922 SPECIES Falcaustra therezieni Petter, 1980:1009 [host Ptychochromoides betsileanus in Pisces] SPECIES Falcaustra tiahuanaquensis Ibanez-H & Cordova-B, 1979:243 [piscean host] SPECIES Falcaustra tikasinghi (Schroeder, Schmidt & Everard, 1977) [syn. Baker & Bain 1981 p.120] [=Spironoura tikasinghi Schroeder, Schmidt & Everard, 1977] SPECIES Falcaustra tricirratum (Walton, 1927) [host Sternothaerus nigricans] [=Oxysomoides tricirratum Walton, 1927] SPECIES Falcaustra trilokae Singh, 1958 SPECIES Falcaustra wardi Mackin, 1936 [Redescription; Baker 1986 p.230] SPECIES Falcaustra washingtonensis Bursey & Aker, 2001:1082 [Parasite of Ambystoma tigrinum melanostictum in Amphibia] GENUS Kathlania Lane, 1914 [=Pseudoheterakis Travassos, 1917] SPECIES Kathlania gynopapillata Gairola & Malhotra, 1989:35 [host Eutropiichthys vacha in Pisces] SPECIES Kathlania kathlena Lane, 1914 SPECIES Kathlania leptura Rudolphi, 1819 [Redescription; Khalil 1998 p.148] SPECIES Kathlania sprentii Narayan-Arya, 1992:38 [host Trichiurus muticus in Pisces] SPECIES Kathlania stromatei Bilqees & Khanum, 1971 GENUS Megalobatrachonema Yamaguti, 1941 [=Chabaudgolvania Freitas, 1958] [syn. Hartwich 1960 p. 615; as subgenus of Megalobatrachonema; as genus syn. Richardson & Adamson 1990 p.536] SPECIES Megalobatrachonema campanae Chabaud & Golvan, 1957 SPECIES Megalobatrachonema elongata Baird, 1858 [Redescription; Baker 1986 p.1573; in subgenus Chabaudgolvania] SPECIES Megalobatrachonema gigantica (Olsen, 1938) [syn. Baker 1980 p.250; Redescription; Baker 1986 p.1573] [=Aplectana gigantica Olsen, 1938] SPECIES Megalobatrachonema moraveci Richardson & Adamson, 1988:155 [host Taricha granulosa in Amphibia] SPECIES Megalobatrachonema terdentatum Linstow, 1890 SPECIES Megalobatrachonema waldeni Richardson & Adamson, 1988:1502 [British-Columbia; Chabaudgolvania; host Ambystoma gracile in Amphibia] GENUS Myleusnema Moravec & Thatcher, 1996:53 [Type is M. bicornis] SPECIES Myleusnema bicornis Moravec & Thatcher, 1996:54 [host Myleus ternetzi in Pisces] SPECIES Myleusnema brasiliense Moravec & Thatcher, 1999:216 [Para, Tocantins River, Serra da Mesa, Host Myleus in Pisces] GENUS Oniscicula Schwenk, 1927:78 [=Oniscicola] [misspelling] SPECIES Oniscicula oniscicula Schwenk, 1927:78 GENUS Probstmayria Ransom, 1907f [=Probstmyaria] [Chitwood 1937 misspelling] SPECIES Probstmayria gabonensis van Waerebeke, Chabaud & Collet, 1988:41 [host Gorilla gorilla in Mammalia] SPECIES Probstmayria gombensis File, 1976:256 [mammalian host; Redescription; van Waerebeke, Chabaud & Collet 1988 p.38] SPECIES Probstmayria goodallae van Waerebeke, Chabaud & Collet, 1988:43 [host Gorilla gorilla in Mammalia] SPECIES Probstmayria gorillae Kreis, 1955:427 [host Gorilla gorilla] SPECIES Probstmayria inversa van Waerebeke, Chabaud & Collet, 1988:40 [host Pan troglodytes in Mammalia] SPECIES Probstmayria nainitalensis Arya, 1981:261 [host Macaca mulatta in Mammalia] SPECIES Probstmayria simiae Maplestone, 1931 SPECIES Probstmayria tapiri van Waerebeke, Chabaud & Anthony, 1988:3 [host Tapirus terrestris terrestris in Mammalia] TYPE SPECIES Probstmayria vesiculata Vuylsteke, 1956:453 [is Pan satyrus schweinfurthi] SPECIES Probstmayria vivipara Probstmayr, 1865 [Ransom 1907; in donkey; 1922?] GENUS Serradacnitis Lane, 1916 [Baylis 1939 p.220 as syn. of Cucullanus] SPECIES Serradacnitis serrata Lane, 1916 GENUS Spectatus Travassos, 1923 [=Chabaudinema Díaz-Ungría, 1968] [syn. Baker 1980 p.252] SPECIES Spectatus americana (Diaz Ungria, 1968) [=Chabaudinema americana Diaz Ungria, 1968] SPECIES Spectatus cichlasomae Moravec & Barus, 1971 SPECIES Spectatus spectatus Travassos, 1923 SPECIES Spectatus yamunii Malhotra, Malviya & Singh, 2000:60 [Parasite of Catla catla in Pisces] GENUS Spironoura Leidy, 1856:52 [type is gracile] [=Spirura Diesing, 1861] [praeocc.] SPECIES Spironoura affinis Leidy, 1856 SPECIES Spironoura andrias He, Liu & Ma, 1992:1 [Shaanxi; host Andrias davidianus in Amphibia, English] SPECIES Spironoura armenica Massino, 1924 [Description; Yildirimhan & Sahin 2005 p.58] SPECIES Spironoura babei Ha Ky, 1971 SPECIES Spironoura chauhani Soota, 1975:241 [India; piscean host] SPECIES Spironoura chelydrae Harwood, 1932 SPECIES Spironoura chengguensis He, Liu & Ma, 1992:3 [Shaanxi; host Andrias davidianus in Amphibia, English] SPECIES Spironoura concinnae Mackin, 1936 SPECIES Spironoura cryptobranchi Walton, 1930 SPECIES Spironoura fopingensis He, Liu & Ma, 1992:2 [Shaanxi; host Andrias davidianus in Amphibia, English] SPECIES Spironoura fordoniae Jones, 1978:245 [Queensland; reptilian host] SPECIES Spironoura geoclemydis Wang, 1979 SPECIES Spironoura golvani Chabaud and Brygoo, 1957 [host Rhacophorus goudoti, R. madagascariensis] SPECIES Spironoura govacus Ikramov & Azimov, 2003:514 [Uzbekistan; Parasite of Bufo viridis in Amphibia, in Russian] SPECIES Spironoura gracile Leidy, 1856b [gracilis?; host Trachemys scripta in Reptilia] SPECIES Spironoura guiersi Vassiliades, 1973 SPECIES Spironoura hexapapillata Khalil, 1970 SPECIES Spironoura hylae Reiber & Parker, 1940 SPECIES Spironoura japonensis Yamaguti, 1935 SPECIES Spironoura kaverii Karve & Naik, 1951 SPECIES Spironoura khalili Arya, 1993:147 [Uttar-Pradesh; host Mastacembelus armatus in Pisces] SPECIES Spironoura lambdiensis Seurat, 1918 [host Clemmys leprosa] SPECIES Spironoura leptocephala Baylis & Daubney, 1922 SPECIES Spironoura longispiculata Walton, 1927 SPECIES Spironoura mirandafroesi Fortes, 1981 SPECIES Spironoura pecinospiculata var. eumecis Koo, 1939 SPECIES Spironoura pectinospiculata Koo, 1939 SPECIES Spironoura petrei Khalil, 1970 SPECIES Spironoura piscicola Linstow, 1907 SPECIES Spironoura putianensis Wang, 1981:368 [China; host Rana spinosa in Amphibia] SPECIES Spironoura roberti Chou & Lowe, 1984:67 [Singapore; host Cuora amboinensis in Reptilia] SPECIES Spironoura straeleni Campana-Rouget, 1961 SPECIES Spironoura tchadi Vassiliades & Troncy, 1973 SPECIES Spironoura therezieni Petter, 1979 SPECIES Spironoura verbekei Campana-Rouget, 1961 SPECIES Spironoura wuyiensis Wang, 1981:367 [China; host Staurois wuyiensis in Amphibia] GENUS Tonaudia Travassos, 1918 SPECIES Tonaudia tonaudia Lane, 1914 GENUS Urodelema Baker, 1981 [nomen nova] [=Cordonema Baker, 1981:62] [praeocc. Schmidt & Kuntz 1972] SPECIES Urodelema cryptobranchi Walton, 1930 [syn. Baker 1981 p.62; Spironoura?] TYPE SPECIES Urodelema mackini Walton, 1941 [ Redescription; Baker 1981 p.60] SPECIES Urodelema variabilis Walton, 1941 [syn. Baker 1981 p.62; 1935?] SUBFAMILY Oxyascaridinae Freitas, 1958 [syn. of Cosmocercinae by Baker & Vaucher 1985 p.309] GENUS Oxyascaris Travassos, 1920 [Diagnostic; Baker & Vaucher 1985 p.309] [=Paraoxyascaris Oliveira Rodrigues & Sodre Rodrigues, 1971] [syn. Chabaud 1978 p.3] [=Paroxyascaris] [misspelling] [=Pteroxyascaris Freitas, 1958] [syn. Baker & Vaucher 1985 p.306] SPECIES Oxyascaris caudacutus (Freitas, 1958) [Redescription; Baker & Vaucher 1985 p.306] [=Pteroxyascaris caudacutus Freitas, 1958] SPECIES Oxyascaris mcdiarmidi Bursey & Goldberg, 2007:58 [Costa Rica; Parasite of Duellmanohyla uranochroa (Amphibia)] SPECIES Oxyascaris oxyascaris Travassos, 1920 [Redescription; Baker & Vaucher 1985 p.304] [=Oxyascaris necopinus Freitas, 1958] [syn. de Fabio 1980 p.630] SPECIES Oxyascaris similis Travassos, 1920 SPECIES Oxyascaris travassosi (Rodrigues & Rodrigues, 1971) [=Paraoxyascaris travassosi Rodrigues & Rodrigues, 1971] GENUS Pseudoxyascaris Uchida & Itagaki, 1979 [Type is P. japonicus] SPECIES Pseudoxyascaris japonicus Uchida & Itagaki, 1979:43 [amphibian host]