FAMILY Heterakidae Railliet & Henry, 1912 [R & H 1914] SUBFAMILY Heterakinae Railliet & Henry, 1912 [Diagnostic; Dey Sarkar 1995 p.296] [=Kiwinematidae Inglis & Harris, 1990] GENUS Bufonerakis Baker, 1980:49 SPECIES Bufonerakis andersoni Baker, 1980:49 [amphibian host] SPECIES Bufonerakis rodriguesi (Vicente & Correa Gomes, 1971) [syn. Baker 1980 p.49] [=Meteterakis rodriguesi Vicente & Correa Gomes, 1971] GENUS Cagourakis Petter, Chermette & Vassart, 1989:682 [Type is C. dorsalata] SPECIES Cagourakis dorsalata Petter, Chermette & Vassart, 1989:676 [host Rhynochetos jubatus in Aves] GENUS Haroldakis Inglis, 1991:76 [Type is Heterakis multidentata Baylis 1944] TYPE SPECIES Haroldakis multidentata (Baylis, 1944) [ Redescription; Inglis 1991 p.76] [=Heterakis multidentata Baylis, 1944] GENUS Heterakis Dujardin, 1845 [Diagnostic; Dey Sarkar 1995 p.296] [=Eterakis Perronc, 1882] [nomen nova?] [=Gangulaterakis Lane, 1914] [?] [=Ganguleterakis Lane, 1914] [type is gangula] [=Gireterakis Lane, 1917] [type is girardi] [=Hererakis Stossich, 1888:282] [misspelling] [=Hetarakis Stossich, 1888:292] [misspelling] [=Heterachis Galeb, 1878b] [?] [=Heteracis Molin, 1858d] [?] [=Heterackis Ercolani, 1859:358] [misspelling] [=Heterahis Linstow, 1877:179] [misspelling] [=Heterapis Linstow, 1889g] [misspelling] [=Heterikis Linstow, 1907] [misspelling] [=Inglisakis Freitas, Vicente & Santos, 1969] [syn. Chabaud 1978 p.49] [=Raillietakis Freitas, 1956] SPECIES Heterakis alata Schneider, 1866 SPECIES Heterakis andersoni (Kalia & Gupta, 1989):31 [host Hystrix indica in Mammalia] [=Gireterakis andersoni Kalia & Gupta, 1989] SPECIES Heterakis arctica Kreis, 1977:441 [south west, Host Chen hyperboreus in Aves] SPECIES Heterakis beramporia Lane, 1914 SPECIES Heterakis bonasae Cram, 1927 SPECIES Heterakis bufonis Biswas & Chakravarty, 1963 SPECIES Heterakis cameroni Kumar & Gupta, 1980:299 [avian host] SPECIES Heterakis caudebrevis Popova in Skrjabin & Schikhobalova, 1949 SPECIES Heterakis crexi Jogis, 1965 SPECIES Heterakis dahomensis Gendre, 1911 [host Cricetomys gambianus] [=Ganguleterakis micropis Tenora, 1960] [syn. Tenora, Kruminis Lozowska & Vanek 1982 p.52] SPECIES Heterakis dispar Schrank, 1790 [Redescription; Sutton 1982 p.19] SPECIES Heterakis fieldingi Smales, 1996:128 [host Hydromys chrysogaster in Mammalia] SPECIES Heterakis foveolata Rudolphi [Pleuronectes platessa in Pisces] SPECIES Heterakis gallinae [?; Anas platyrhynchos domesticus in Aves] SPECIES Heterakis gallinarum Schrank, 1788 [Description; Vicente, Pinto & Noronha 1993 p.273] SPECIES Heterakis girardi (Lane, 1917) [in Hystrix] [=Gireterakis girardi Lane, 1917] SPECIES Heterakis gracilicauda Harris, 1975:199 [avian host] SPECIES Heterakis higeiensis Lu, Li & Liao, 1990 SPECIES Heterakis inglisi Gupta & Trivedi, 1984:32 [host Scotophilus heathi in Mammalia] SPECIES Heterakis isolonche Linstow, 1906 SPECIES Heterakis kumaoni Arya, 1991:294 [host Gallus gallus murghi in Aves] SPECIES Heterakis macrospiculum Ortlepp, 1939 [host Bathyergus s. suillus] SPECIES Heterakis macroura Linstow, 1883 [=Heterakis altaica Spaul, 1929] [syn. Barus & Sonin 1978 p.214] SPECIES Heterakis maculosa Rudolphi [Columba domestica in Aves] SPECIES Heterakis meleagris [Gallus gallus domesticus in Aves] SPECIES Heterakis monticelliana Stossich, 1892 SPECIES Heterakis nainitalensis Arya, 1991:293 [host Gallus gallus murghi in Aves] SPECIES Heterakis natteri Travassos, 1923 SPECIES Heterakis pandei Tewari, 1982:299 [host Rattus rattus in Mammalia] SPECIES Heterakis papillosa Bloch [Lagopus lagopus in Aves] SPECIES Heterakis pavonis Maplestone, 1932 SPECIES Heterakis perspicillum Rudolphi [Gallus gallus in Aves] SPECIES Heterakis sallinarum Schrank, 1788 SPECIES Heterakis silindae Sandground, 1933 [host Pternistes afer swynnertoni] SPECIES Heterakis spalaxi (Kozlov & Jangolenko, 1962) [=Ganguleterakis spalaxi Kozlov & Jangolenko, 1962] SPECIES Heterakis spiculatus Cobbold, 1861 SPECIES Heterakis spumosa Schneider, 1866 SPECIES Heterakis tenuicauda Linstow, 1883 SPECIES Heterakis travassosi Khalil, 1932 [host Gallus gallus] SPECIES Heterakis verrucosa Molin, 1860 SPECIES Heterakis vesicularis Froelich, 1791 SPECIES Heterakis yamadori Yamaguti, 1941 SPECIES Heterakis yamagutii Gupta & Trivedi, 1984:29 [host Meriones hurrianae in Mammalia] GENUS Kiwinema Inglis & Harris, 1990:77 TYPE SPECIES Kiwinema gracilicauda (Harris, 1975) [ Redescription; Inglis & Harris 1990 p.75] [=Heterakis gracilicauda Harris, 1975] GENUS Mammalakis Inglis, 1991:93 [Type is Heterakis macrospiculum Ortlepp 1939] TYPE SPECIES Mammalakis macrospiculum (Ortlepp, 1939) [ Redescription; Inglis 1991 p.90] [=Heterakis macrospiculum Ortlepp, 1939] SPECIES Mammalakis spalacis (Marcu, 1930) [syn. Inglis 1991 p.93] [=Heterakis spalacis Marcu, 1930] SPECIES Mammalakis spalaxi (Kozlov & Jangolenko, 1962) [syn. Inglis 1991 p.93] [=Heterakis spalaxi Kozlov & Jangolenko, 1962] GENUS Neoheterakis Kumar & Thienpont, 1974:119 TYPE SPECIES Neoheterakis chapini Kumar & Thienpont, 1974 GENUS Odontoterakis Skrjabin & Schikhobalova, 1947 [=Odonterakis Skrjabin & Schikhobalova, 1947] [misspelling?] SPECIES Odontoterakis alata (Schneider, 1866) [Redescription; Inglis 1991 p.73] [=Heterakis alata Schneider, 1866] SPECIES Odontoterakis bancrofti (Johnston, 1912) [Redescription; Inglis 1991 p.76; syn. Mawson 1983 p.247] [=Heterakis bancrofti Johnston, 1912] SPECIES Odontoterakis crypturi Baylis, 1944 [=Heterakis arquata Travassos, 1913] [syn. Inglis 1991 p.72] SPECIES Odontoterakis fariai Travassos, 1913 [Redescription; Inglis 1991 p.74] SPECIES Odontoterakis multidentata Baylis, 1944 SPECIES Odontoterakis valvata Schneider, 1866 [Redescription; Inglis 1991 p.75] GENUS Pseudaspidodera Baylis & Daubney, 1922 [Diagnostic; Bilqees & Jehan 1978 p.353] [=Parapseudaspidodera Johnson, 1967] [syn. Chabaud 1978 p.49] [=Pseudaspidoderella Ali & Deshmukh, 1969] [misspelling?] [=Pseudaspidoderina Freitas, 1956] [=Pseudaspidoderoides Freitas, 1956] [=Pseudaspidorella Ali & Deshmukh, 1969:45] [syn. Chabaud 1978 p.49] [=Spinaspidodera Skrjabin & Schikhobalova, 1947] SPECIES Pseudaspidodera galli Bilqees & Nighat, 1983:101 [host Gallus gallus in Aves] SPECIES Pseudaspidodera sindia Bilqees & Jehan, 1978:352 [avian hosts] GENUS Spinicauda Travassos, 1920:45 [=Sonsinia Baylis & Daubney, 1922:2] [=Spincauda] [misspelling] SPECIES Spinicauda amarili [Anolis bimaculatus in Reptilia] SPECIES Spinicauda australiensis Baylis, 1930 SPECIES Spinicauda dugesii Sanchez-Gumiel, Zapatero-Ramos, Castano-Fernández & Gonzalez-Santiago, 1991:183 [host Podarcis dugesii in Reptilia] SPECIES Spinicauda eryxi Agrawal, 1966 SPECIES Spinicauda fisheri Bursey & Goldberg, 2004:1428 [Parasite of Platymantis pelewensis in Amphibia] SPECIES Spinicauda grimmae Belle, 1957 [host Scincus officinalis] SPECIES Spinicauda hardwickii Deshmukh & Choudhari, 1980:20 [reptilian host] SPECIES Spinicauda khalili Arya, 1986:121 [host Eryx johnii in Reptilia] SPECIES Spinicauda moretonis Jones, 1979:4 [reptilian host] SPECIES Spinicauda murhari Naidu, 1981:110 [host Python molurus in Reptilia] SPECIES Spinicauda regiensis Platt & Bush, 1979:257 [reptilian host] SPECIES Spinicauda sonsinoi Linstow, 1894 [Redescription; Moravec, Barus & Rysavy 1987 p.269; host Chamaeleo vulgaris, Lacerta ocellata] SPECIES Spinicauda spinicauda Olfers, 1819 SPECIES Spinicauda voltaensis Baker & Bain, 1981:139 [host Bufo regularis? in Amphibia] SUBFAMILY Meteterakinae Inglis, 1967 GENUS Meteterakis Karve, 1930 [Diagnostic; Bursey, Goldberg & Kraus 2005 p.1389] [=Cometeterakis Cruz & Ching, 1975] [syn. Chabaud 1978 p.49] [=Heterakoides Freitas, 1956] [=Pareterakis Freitas, 1956] SPECIES Meteterakis amamiensis Hasegawa, 1990:87 [amphibian & reptilian hosts] SPECIES Meteterakis andamanensis Soota & Chaturvedi, 1970 SPECIES Meteterakis aurangabadensis Deshmukh & Choudhari, 1980:37 [amphibian host] SPECIES Meteterakis baylisi Inglis, 1958 SPECIES Meteterakis bufonis Yamaguti, 1935 SPECIES Meteterakis cophotis Baylis, 1935 SPECIES Meteterakis crombiei Bursey, Goldberg & Kraus, 2005:1386 [Papua New Guinea; Parasite of Sphenomorphus jobiensis in Reptilia] SPECIES Meteterakis govindi Karve, 1930 SPECIES Meteterakis guptai Gupta & Naiyer, 1994:184 [host Calotes versicolor in Reptilia] SPECIES Meteterakis howardi Li, 1933 SPECIES Meteterakis ishikawanae Hasegawa, 1987:237 [host Rana ishikawae in Amphibia] SPECIES Meteterakis japonica Wilkie, 1930 SPECIES Meteterakis karvei Naidu & Thakare, 1981:420 [host Bufo melanostictus in Amphibia] SPECIES Meteterakis longispiculata Baylis, 1922 SPECIES Meteterakis louisi Inglis, 1958 SPECIES Meteterakis lyriocephali Crusz & Ching, 1975 SPECIES Meteterakis mabuyae Chakravarty, 1944 SPECIES Meteterakis paucipapillosa Wang, 1980:248 [host Eumeces elegans in Reptilia, English p. 251] SPECIES Meteterakis sinharajensis Crusz & Ching, 1976 SPECIES Meteterakis vaucheri Adamson, 1986:814 [host Varanus grayi in Reptilia] SUBFAMILY Spinicaudinae Travassos, 1920 GENUS Africana Travassos, 1920 [=Preterakis Freitas, 1956:466] [type is astylosterni Sandground 1933] SPECIES Africana acuticeps Gedoelst, 1916 [host Chamaeleon] SPECIES Africana africana Gendre, 1909 SPECIES Africana astylosterni Sandground, 1933 [host Astylosternus robustus] SPECIES Africana brodeni Gedoelst, 1916 [host Chamaeleon] SPECIES Africana bufonis Biswas & Chakravarty, 1963 SPECIES Africana chabaudi Baker, 1981:783 [host Uranoscoden superciliosa in Reptilia] SPECIES Africana telfordi Bursey & Goldberg, 2002:926 [Parasite of Enyalioides heterolepsis in Reptilia] SPECIES Africana varani Maplestone, 1931 GENUS Hatterianema Chabaud & Dollfus, 1966 SPECIES Hatterianema hollandei Chabaud & Dollfus, 1966 GENUS Moaciria Freitas, 1956 [=Bellaplectana Skrjabin, Schikhobalova & Lagodovskaja, 1961] [type is pharyngeodentata] SPECIES Moaciria butleri Jones, 1979:135 [reptilian host] SPECIES Moaciria chondropythonis Gibbons, 1979:301 [reptilian host] SPECIES Moaciria etnae Jones, 1979:138 [reptilian host] SPECIES Moaciria icosiensis Seurat, 1917 [Redescription; Moravec, Barus & Rysavy 1987 p.271] [=Aplectana pharyngeodentata Belle, 1957] [syn. Moravec, Barus & Rysavy 1987 p.271; host Chalcides delislii, C. sepoides, Scincus officinalis] SPECIES Moaciria komodoensis (Pinnell & Schmidt, 1977) [syn. Baker & Bain 1981 p.142] [=Spinicauda komodoensis Pinnell & Schmidt, 1977] SPECIES Moaciria sphenomorphi Jones, 1979:133 [reptilian host] GENUS Pseudostrongyluris Guerrero, 1971 TYPE SPECIES Pseudostrongyluris polychrus Guerrero, 1971 GENUS Strongyluris Mueller, 1894 [Diagnostic; Bursey, Goldberg & Telford 2003 p.121] SPECIES Strongyluris acaudata Caballero, 1941 SPECIES Strongyluris bengalensis Chakravorty, 1936 SPECIES Strongyluris brevicaudata Mueller, 1894 [Sandground 1936; host Agama colonorum, W. Africa; Chamaeleon tempeli, Heliosciurus rufobrachiatus nyansae] SPECIES Strongyluris bufonis Yamaguti & Mitunaga, 1943 SPECIES Strongyluris calotis Baylis & Daubney, 1923 SPECIES Strongyluris capensis Prudhoe & Harris, 1971 SPECIES Strongyluris chamaeleonis Baylis & Daubney, 1922 SPECIES Strongyluris elegans Gendre, 1909 [York & Maplestone 1926; host Chamaelon gracilis] SPECIES Strongyluris gigas Spaul, 1923 [host Agama distanti, Agama a. turnensis, A. a. dodomae] SPECIES Strongyluris japalurae Jiang & Lin, 1980:12 [reptilian host; Yamaguti 1935 ?] SPECIES Strongyluris karawirensis Karve, 1938 SPECIES Strongyluris loveridgei Spaul, 1923 [host Agama] SPECIES Strongyluris ornata Linstow, 1897 [host Stellio vulgaris, Agama agama turnersis, A. atricollis; orig. genus ?] SPECIES Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 [Redescription; Sutton, Mordeglia & Cruz 1998 p.172] [=Strongyluris freitasi Alho, 1969] [syn. Vicente 1981 p.9] SPECIES Strongyluris panamaensis Bursey, Goldberg & Telford, 2003:118 [Parasite of Anolis biporcatus in Reptilia] SPECIES Strongyluris paradoxus Sandground, 1933 [host Hagedashia hagedash nilotica] [=Strongyluris travassosi Alho, 1969] [syn. Vicente 1981 p.9] SPECIES Strongyluris paronai Stossich, 1902 SPECIES Strongyluris ranae [Rana catesbeiana in Reptilia] SPECIES Strongyluris riversidensis [Petrosaurus mearnsi in Reptilia] SPECIES Strongyluris rubra Harwood, 1935 SPECIES Strongyluris similis Caballero, 1938 [Redescription; Cid del Prado Vera 1971 p.51] SPECIES Strongyluris streptoesophagens Connal, 1912 [Yorke & Maplestone 1926; host Agama colonorum] SPECIES Strongyluris yamagutii Deshmukh, 1987:123 [host Calotes versicolor in Reptilia]