FAMILY Habronematidae Chitwood & Wehr, 1932 [Ivaschkin 1961?] SUBFAMILY Habronematinae Chitwood & Wehr, 1932 [=Cyrneinae Ivashkin, 1961:97] GENUS Cheilonematodum Johnston & Mawson, 1941:253 [syn. of Rusguniella?; Habronematinae, Hedruridae] TYPE SPECIES Cheilonematodum halcyonis Johnston & Mawson, 1941:250 [Queensland; host Halcyon sanctus] GENUS Chitwoodspirura Chabaud & Rousselot, 1956:467 TYPE SPECIES Chitwoodspirura wehri Chabaud & Rousselot, 1956:467 [ host Gorilla gorilla] GENUS Cyrnea Seurat, 1914 [Cyrnea Deshayes 1858 is an error for Cyrena Lamarck 1818] [=Chenospirura Hsu, 1957:48] [syn. Chabaud 1975 p.36; not Kou 1958; type is asturi] [=Seurocyrnea Strand, 1929] [unnec. new name] [=Skrjabinochona Guschanskaja, 1931] SPECIES Cyrnea americanum Chandler, 1941 SPECIES Cyrnea antennifera Chabaud & Rousselot, 1957 [host Francolinus coquilynesi] SPECIES Cyrnea apterocerca Guschanskaja, 1931 SPECIES Cyrnea apterycis Harris, 1975:201 [New-Zealand; avian host] SPECIES Cyrnea asturi (Hsu, 1957):48 [China] [=Chenospirura asturi Hsu, 1957] SPECIES Cyrnea capitellata Schneider, 1866 SPECIES Cyrnea chabaudi Rasheed, 1965 SPECIES Cyrnea colini Cram, 1927 SPECIES Cyrnea euplocami Maplestone, 1930 SPECIES Cyrnea euricerca Seurat, 1914 [Diagnostic; Kumar & Gupta 1980 p.113] SPECIES Cyrnea eurycerca Seurat, 1914 [designated Stiles & Hassall 1920] SPECIES Cyrnea excisa Molin, 1860 SPECIES Cyrnea excisiformis Yamaguti, 1935 SPECIES Cyrnea graphophasiana Yamaguti, 1935 [Redescription; Ilyas 1981 p.180] SPECIES Cyrnea graphophasiani Yamaguti, 1935:403 [Japan; Redescription; Ilyas 1981 p.180] SPECIES Cyrnea jubilarica Ryzhikov & Khokhlova, 1964 SPECIES Cyrnea longispicula Walton, 1927 SPECIES Cyrnea lyruri Maplestone, 1916 SPECIES Cyrnea lyruri (Fedjushin, 1946) [praeocc. ?] [=Seurocyrnea lyruri Fedjushin, 1946] SPECIES Cyrnea mansioni Seurat, 1914 SPECIES Cyrnea parroti Seurat, 1917:214 [host Caccabis petrosa] SPECIES Cyrnea playae Sandground, 1929:520 [host Playa cayana thermophila] SPECIES Cyrnea semilunaris Molin, 1860 SPECIES Cyrnea seurati Lopez Neyra, 1918 SPECIES Cyrnea singhi Ali, 1961 SPECIES Cyrnea spinosa Falco [tinnunculus in Aves] GENUS Dollfusnema Caballero, 1974 SPECIES Dollfusnema amphisbaenia Baker, 1981:138 [host Leposternon phocaena in Reptilia] SPECIES Dollfusnema piscicola Caballero, 1974 GENUS Draschia Chitwood & Wehr, 1934 SPECIES Draschia megastoma Rudolphi, 1819 GENUS Echinurioides Thwaite, 1926:273 SPECIES Echinurioides pleotropteri Thwaite, 1926 GENUS Excisa Gendre, 1928 SPECIES Excisa buckleyi Ali, 1961 SPECIES Excisa columbi Gogoi & Islam, 1989:95 [host Columba livia domestica in Aves] SPECIES Excisa excisa Molin, 1860 SPECIES Excisa excisiformis Yamaguti, 1935 SPECIES Excisa ramphastina Zhang & Brooks, 2004:628 [Parasite of Ramphastos sulfuratus in Aves] GENUS Gendrespirura Chabaud, 1958:485 [=Cheniellospirura Kou, 1962] [syn. Chabaud 1975 p.36] [=Chenospirura Kou, 1958:60] [praeocc. Hsu 1957; type is kwangtungensis] [=Gendrespira Chabaud, 1958] [misspelling ZR] [=Sinicaspirura Skrjabin & Sobolev in Skrjabin, 1963] [syn. Chabaud 1975 p.36] SPECIES Gendrespirura kwangtungensis (Kou, 1958):60 [=Chenospirura kwangtungensis Kou, 1958] GENUS Gubernaculomeres Oshmarin & Parukhin, 1963 SPECIES Gubernaculomeres mamaevi Oshmarin & Parukhin, 1963 [host Astur gentilis] TYPE SPECIES Gubernaculomeres tubocloacis (Oshmarin, 1956) [ host Aquila clanga] [=Microtetrameres tubocloacis Oshmarin, 1956] GENUS Habronema Diesing, 1861c [subgenus of Aviabronema?] [=Dermofilaria Rivolta, 1884c] [type is irritans] SPECIES Habronema avicedae Soota & Dey Sarkar, 1981:35 [host Aviceda leuphotes leuphotes in Aves] SPECIES Habronema bialatum [Colinus virginianus in Aves] SPECIES Habronema cameroni Gupta & Kazim, 1979:68 [India; avian host] SPECIES Habronema clarki Foster & Chitwood, 1937 SPECIES Habronema colaptes Walton, 1923 SPECIES Habronema congolense Vuylsteke, 1937 [host Manis gigantea] SPECIES Habronema dipterum Popova, 1927 [Description; Ahmed 2004 p.99] SPECIES Habronema ficheuri Seurat, 1916 SPECIES Habronema irritans (Rivolta, 1884c) [=Dermofilaria irritans Rivolta, 1884c] SPECIES Habronema khalili Ezzat, 1945 [host Rhinoceros bicornis] SPECIES Habronema leptoptera Rudolphi, 1819 SPECIES Habronema longistoma Vanden-Berghe, 1943 [host Equus burchelli grani] SPECIES Habronema majus Schneider, 1866 SPECIES Habronema malani Krecek, 1989:184 [host Equus burchellii antiquorum in Mammalia] SPECIES Habronema manidis Vuylsteke, 1936 [host Manis gigantea] SPECIES Habronema mansioni Seurat, 1914 SPECIES Habronema megastoma Rudolphi, 1819 SPECIES Habronema microstoma Schneider, 1866 [Description; Ivashkin, Khromova & Dvoinos 1984 p.15] SPECIES Habronema murrayi Ortlepp, 1934 [host Tyto alba] SPECIES Habronema muscae Carter, 1861 SPECIES Habronema numidae Ortlepp, 1938 [host Numida mitrata] SPECIES Habronema spinosa Gendre, 1923 SPECIES Habronema tomasi Krecek, 1989:184 [host Equus burchellii antiquorum in Mammalia] SPECIES Habronema unilateralis Molin, 1860 SPECIES Habronema whitei Mönnig, 1931 SPECIES Habronema zebrae Theiler, 1923 [Equus zebra zebra - Mammal] GENUS Metacyrnea Chabaud, 1960 [as subgenus of Cyrnea; Chabaud 1975 p.36 as genus] TYPE SPECIES Metacyrnea insularis (Chabaud, 1960) [Madagascar; host Caprimulgus madagascariensis] [=Cyrnea insularis Chabaud, 1960] GENUS Odontospirura Wehr, 1933 [=Vaznema Freitas & Lent, 1947] GENUS Procyrnea Chabaud, 1958 [as subgenus of Cyrnea; as genus Chabaud 1975 p.36] [=Aviabronema Ali, 1961] [syn. Chabaud 1975 p.36] [=Draschearia Skrjabin, Sobolev & Ivashkin, 1965] [=Ruschiella Freitas, 1967] [syn. Chabaud 1975 p.36] SPECIES Procyrnea ameerae Ali, 1961 SPECIES Procyrnea anterovulvata Magalhaes Pinto, Vicente & Noronha, 1996:479 [host Chelidoptera tenebrosa brasiliensis in Aves] SPECIES Procyrnea brevicaudata Zhang, Brooks & Causey, 2004:364 [Parasite of Crypturellus cinnamomeus in Aves] SPECIES Procyrnea colaptes Walton, 1923 SPECIES Procyrnea imbricata Maplestone, 1930 [Diagnostic; Zhang 1991 p.140] [=Habronema imbricatum Maplestone, 1930] SPECIES Procyrnea kea Clark, 1978:323 [avian host] SPECIES Procyrnea leptoptera Rudolphi, 1819 SPECIES Procyrnea longialatus Cid del Prado, Maggenti & van Riper, 1985:254 [host Zosterops japonica in Aves] SPECIES Procyrnea mansioni Seurat, 1914 SPECIES Procyrnea mawsonae Zhang, Brooks & Causey, 2004:366 [Parasite of Buteo magnirostris in Aves] SPECIES Procyrnea mclennanae Zhang, Brooks & Causey, 2004:368 [Parasite of Heliomaster constantii in Aves] SPECIES Procyrnea monoptera Gendre, 1922 SPECIES Procyrnea pileata Walton, 1928 SPECIES Procyrnea seurati Skrjabin, 1917 [in subgenus Procyrnea] SPECIES Procyrnea spinosa Gendre, 1922 SPECIES Procyrnea strialata (Zhang, 1991):138 [Fujian; host Accipiter vigatus nisoides in Aves, English p. 142] [=Cyrnea strialata Zhang, 1991] SPECIES Procyrnea zorillae Seurat, 1919 [Description; Velikanov 1988 p.408] GENUS Sicarius Li, 1934 [praeocc. Walckenaer 1847 in spiders] SPECIES Sicarius dipterum Popova, 1927 [Diagnostic; Mushkambarova 1983 p.48] SPECIES Sicarius hoopoe Sharma, 1971 SPECIES Sicarius renatae Cancrini, Balbo & Iori, 1991:133 SUBFAMILY Histiocephalinae Gendre, 1922 [Diagnostic; Dey Sarkar 1995 p.304] GENUS Hadjelia Seurat, 1916 [=Gilsonia Gedoelst, 1919] [=Parhadjelia Lent & Freitas, 1939] [=Sobolevicephalus Parukhin, 1964] [syn. Chabaud 1975 p.36] [=Stellabronema] [misspelling Neave?] [=Stellobronema Guschanskaja, 1937:216] SPECIES Hadjelia acuariana (Gushanskaja, 1937) [=Stellobronema acuariana Gushanskaja, 1937] SPECIES Hadjelia cairinae (Zhang & Brooks, 2005):438 [Parasite of Cairina moschata in Aves] [=Parhadjelia cairinae Zhang & Brooks, 2005] SPECIES Hadjelia chalcyonis (Parukhin, 1964) [Redescription; Wong & Lankester 1985 p.1576] [=Sobolevicephalus chalcyonis Parukhin, 1964] [= pileati Smetanina & Alekseev, 1968] [syn. Parukhin 1978 p.93] SPECIES Hadjelia giboovata Phan, 1969 SPECIES Hadjelia hypoleucosi Gupta & Kumar, 1980:53 [host Actitis hypoleucos in Aves] SPECIES Hadjelia lichtenfelsi (Wong & Lankester, 1985):1578 [host Catoptrophorus semipalmatus in Aves] [=Sobolevicephalus lichtenfelsi Wong & Lankester, 1985] SPECIES Hadjelia madagascariensis (Kung, 1948) [syn. Wong & Lankester 1985 p.1560; host Dryolimnas curvieri] [=Ancyracanthopsis madagascariensis Kung, 1948] SPECIES Hadjelia neglecta [Aix sponsa (Bird)] SPECIES Hadjelia ryzhikovi (Borgarenko, 1961) [=Stellobronema ryzhikovi Borgarenko, 1961] SPECIES Hadjelia tringae Kumar & Gupta, 1980:109 [avian hosts] SPECIES Hadjelia truncata Crepl., 1825 [Redescription; Tadros & Iskander 1975 p.296; Diagnostic; Mushkambarova 1983 p.48] [= inermis Gedoelst, 1919] [syn. Tadros & Iskander 1975 p.293] [=Hadjelia lhuillieri Seurat, 1916] [syn. Tadros & Iskander 1975 p.294; host Caccabis petrosa] [=Hadjelia parva Gendre, 1922] [syn. Tadros & Iskander 1975 p.293; host Trachelotis senegalensis] SPECIES Hadjelia upupai Jehan, 1970 [Diagnostic; Kumar & Gupta 1980 p.111] GENUS Histiocephalus Diesing, 1851 [=Histeocephalus Molin, 1860] [misspelling] SPECIES Histiocephalus choriotidis Ortlepp, 1938 [host Choriotis kori] SPECIES Histiocephalus laticaudatus Rudolphi, 1819 SPECIES Histiocephalus otidis Borgarenko, 1984:107 [host Otis tarda in Aves] SPECIES Histiocephalus tridens Gendre, 1921 [Description; Gupta & Kumar 1978 p.106; host Trachelotis senegalensis] GENUS Stellocaronema Gilbert, 1930 SPECIES Stellocaronema alii Naidu, 1978:45 [nomen nova] [=Stellocaronema indica Ali, 1970] [praeocc. Sharma 1968] [=Stellocaronema moazzami Ilyas, 1981:254] [unnec. nomen nova] SPECIES Stellocaronema fausti Li, 1934 [=Stellocaronema aurangabadensis Ilyas, 1981:251] [syn. Wong 1985 p.2435; host Vanellus indicus in Aves] [=Stellocaronema indica Sharma, 1968] [syn. Wong 1985 p.2435] SPECIES Stellocaronema skrjabini Gilbert, 1930 [Redescription; Wong 1985 p.2432] SPECIES Stellocaronema spinulosus (Molin, 1860) [syn. Wong & Lankester 1984 p.2537] [=Schistorophus spinulosus Molin, 1860] GENUS Torquatoides Williams, 1929 [Inglis 1965] [=Cathematella Yamaguti, 1961] [=Leprirophus Skrjabin, Sobolev & Ivaschkin, 1965] [syn. Chabaud 1975 p.37] [=Torquatella Yorke & Maplestone, 1926] [praeoc.] SPECIES Torquatoides balanocephala Gendre, 1921b [Redescription; Nandi & Majumdar 1989 p.377; host Merops malimbicus] [= longiovata Ali, 1956] [Description; Gupta & Kumar 1978 p.102; syn. Nandi & Majumdar 1989 p.377] SPECIES Torquatoides bengalensis Nandi & Majumdar, 1989:371 [host Centropus sinensis in Aves] SPECIES Torquatoides gendrei Lopez-Neyra, 1947 SPECIES Torquatoides torquata Gendre, 1921b [host Centropus monarchus] SPECIES Torquatoides trogoni Zhang & Brooks, 2004:626 [Parasite of Trogon massena in Aves] GENUS Viguiera Seruat, 1913 [=Serticeps Railliet, 1916] [type is vulvoinflata] [=Spirocaudata Sharma, 1971] [syn. Chabaud 1975 p.36] SPECIES Viguiera buckleyi Chabaud, 1957 [host Nectarinia pulchella incidipectus] SPECIES Viguiera coccyzae [Coccyzus americanus in Aves] SPECIES Viguiera dicrurusi Gupta, 1960 [=Viguiera viduae Chabaud, 1960] [syn. Nandi 2005 p.264] SPECIES Viguiera euryoptera Rudolphi, 1819 SPECIES Viguiera hawaiiensis Cid del Prado, Maggenti & van Riper, 1985:247 [host Hemignathus virens in Aves] SPECIES Viguiera leiperi Ali, 1956 SPECIES Viguiera majumdari De, 1979:73 [avian hosts] SPECIES Viguiera pari [host Cyanocitta cristata in Aves] SUBFAMILY Parabronematinae Skrjabin, 1941 GENUS Okapinema Ivaschkin, 1960 SPECIES Okapinema japonica Wang, Shiozawa, Akabane & Fujita, 1976:123 [mammalian host] GENUS Parabronema Baylis, 1921 [=Squamanema van Thiel, 1925] [syn. Chabaud 1975 p.37] SPECIES Parabronema africanum Baylis, 1921 [host Loxodonta africana] SPECIES Parabronema bonnei van Thiel, 1925 SPECIES Parabronema congolense Van Den Berghe & Vuylsteke, 1937 [host Okapi] SPECIES Parabronema okapiae Vuylsteke, 1935 [host Okapia johnstoni] SPECIES Parabronema pecariae Ivaschkin, 1960 [described by Vicente, Muniz Pereira, Noronha & Magalhaes Pinto 2000 p.849] SPECIES Parabronema rhinocerotis Khalil, 1927 [host Rhinoceros africanus] SPECIES Parabronema rhodesiense Yorke & Maplestone, 1926 [host Loxodonta africana] SPECIES Parabronema roundi Fitzsimmons, 1962 [Diceros bicornis bicornis - Mammal = Rhinoceros bicornis] SPECIES Parabronema skrjabini Raskowska, 1924