FAMILY Gnathostomatidae Railliet, 1895 [R. Blanchard 1895 1896b] [=Grathostomidae Skrjabin, 1916] [misspelling] SUBFAMILY Ancyracanthinae Yorke & Maplestone, 1926 [?] GENUS Ancyracanthus Diesing, 1858 [1838?] [=Acryacanthus Mueller, 1904] [misspelling] [=Ancryacanthus Linstow, 1876] [misspelling] [=Ancryocanthus Clerc, 1903] [=Ancyracantus Clerc, 1903] [misspelling] [=Aucyracanthus] [Zool. Rec. 1898 for 1897] [=Piavussunema] [misspelling Neave?] [=Piayussunema Kohn, Gomes & Motta, 1968:27] [=Tetracanthus Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Schneider, 1866] [manuscript; type is longicornis; ?] SPECIES Ancyracanthus impar Schneider [host Osmerus eperlanus in Pisces] SPECIES Ancyracanthus pinnatifidus Diesing, 1839 [=Ancyracanthus pectinatus Diesing, 1838] [praeocc.?] SPECIES Ancyracanthus schubarti Kohn, Gomes & Motta, 1968 SPECIES Ancyracanthus schubarti (Kohn, Gomes & Motta, 1968) [=Piavussunema schubarti Kohn, Gomes & Motta, 1968] SUBFAMILY Gnathostomatinae Railliet, 1895 [Chabaud 1975; Diagnostic; Dey Sarkar 1995 p.302] GENUS Echinocephalus Molin, 1858d [Diagnostic; Dey Sarkar 1995 p.303] SPECIES Echinocephalus crassostreai [Crassostrea gigas (Invertebrate)] SPECIES Echinocephalus cygni Molin [Cygnus olor in Aves] SPECIES Echinocephalus daileyi Deardorff, Brooks & Thorson, 1981:433 [host Potamotrygon circularis in Pisces] SPECIES Echinocephalus diazi Troncy, 1969 [Diagnostic; Deardorff, Brooks & Thorson 1981 p.436] SPECIES Echinocephalus janzeni Hoberg, Brooks, Molina-Urena & Erbe, 1998:572 [Guanacaste, Playa Panama, Host Himantura pacifica in Pisces] SPECIES Echinocephalus mobulae Kalyankar, 1971 SPECIES Echinocephalus multidentatus Baylis & Lane, 1920 SPECIES Echinocephalus oligocanthus Arya, 1979:42 [piscean host] SPECIES Echinocephalus overstreeti Deardorff & Ko, 1983:285 [host Taeniura melanospilos in Pisces; Redescription; Beveridge 1987 p.80] SPECIES Echinocephalus pseudouncinatus Millemann, 1951 [1963?; Redescription; del Carmen Gomez del Prado Rosas 1984 p.14] SPECIES Echinocephalus pteroplatea Wang, 1978 [et al.] SPECIES Echinocephalus scoliodonti Rajyalakshmi, 1994 SPECIES Echinocephalus sinensis Ko, 1975 [Redescription; Deardorff & Ko 1983 p.290] SPECIES Echinocephalus southwelli Baylis & Lane, 1920 SPECIES Echinocephalus spinosissimus Linstow, 1905 [Description; Beveridge 1986 p.787; Redescription; Rajyalakshmi, Hanumantha Rao & Shyamasundari 1982 p.19] TYPE SPECIES Echinocephalus uncinatus Molin, 1858d [ Redescription; Bharatha Lakshmi 2000 p.117] [=Echinocephalus muraenesocis Bilqees, Khanum & Jehan, 1971] [syn. Sood 1989 p.214] [=Echinocephalus unispiculus Arya, 1982:443] [syn. Sood 1989 p.214; host Trichiurus muticus in Pisces] SPECIES Echinocephalus waltairensis Rajya-Lakshmi, Hanumantha-Rao & Shyamasundari, 1984:235 [host Rhinobatos granulatus in Pisces] GENUS Gnathostoma Owen, 1836f [=Cheiracanthus Diesing, 1838:189] [nomen nudum] [=Cheiranthus Linstow, 1893:202] [=Cheiriacanthus Schneidemuehl, 1896:304] [=Chiercanthus Mitter, 1910:285] [=Chiracanthus Creplin in Ersch & Gruber, 1841:82] [=Gnathosoma Krefft, 1871] [misspelling] [=Gnathostome Ward, 1903b] [lapsus] [=Gnathostomum Blanchard in Bouchard, 1896:651] [misspelling] SPECIES Gnathostoma accipitris Skrjabin, 1916:535 [host Aquila imperialis] SPECIES Gnathostoma americanum Travassos, 1925 SPECIES Gnathostoma binucleatum Almeyda-Artigas, 1991 SPECIES Gnathostoma brasiliense Ruiz, 1952 SPECIES Gnathostoma didelphis Chandler, 1932 SPECIES Gnathostoma doloresi Tubangui, 1925 [Description; Shoho & Machida 1979 p.242; Diagnostic; Lin Xiumin, Chen Qingquan, Song Jiaosong, Li Xiunian & Wei Xin Mi 1993] SPECIES Gnathostoma gracile Diesing, 1839 SPECIES Gnathostoma hispidum Fedstchenko, 1872 SPECIES Gnathostoma lamothei Bertoni-Ruiz, Garcia-Prieto, Osorio-Sarabia & Leon-Regagnon, 2005:1143 [Mexico; Parasite of Procyon lotor hernandezii in Mammalia] SPECIES Gnathostoma malaysiae Miyazaki & Dunn, 1965 [Redescription; Kamiya, Kamiya, Ohbayashi, Klongkamnuankarn & Vajrasthira 1987 p.121] SPECIES Gnathostoma minutum Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1943 SPECIES Gnathostoma miyazakii Anderson, 1964 SPECIES Gnathostoma neoprocyonis [(Seals) - Mammal] SPECIES Gnathostoma nipponicum Yamaguchi, 1941 SPECIES Gnathostoma procyonis Chandler, 1932 SPECIES Gnathostoma spinigerum Owen, 1836f SPECIES Gnathostoma turgidum Stossich, 1902 SPECIES Gnathostoma vietnamicum Le Van Hoa, 1965 GENUS Tanqua R. Blanchard, 1904 [=Anomala Travassos, 1918:96] [praeocc. Samoelle 1819 in Coleoptera; type Heterakis anomala Linstow 1904] [=Anomalonema Travassos, 1925] [nomen nova pro Anomala] [=Ctenocephalus Linstow, 1904f] [praeocc. Kolenati 1857; type is tiara; syn. Baylis & Daubney 1926 p.233] [=Tetradenos Linstow, 1904n] [type is tiara; praeocc. Kolenati 1857] SPECIES Tanqua anomala (Linstow, 1904) [Redescription; Gupta & Duggal 1979 p.64] [=Heterakis anomala Linstow, 1904] [=Tanqua ophidis Johnston & Mawson, 1948] [syn. Gupta & Duggal 1979 p.64] [=Tanqua sindensis Farooq, Khanum & Zuberi, 1979:163] [syn. Bilqees 1980 p.268; reptilian hosts] SPECIES Tanqua geoclemydis Wang, 1979 SPECIES Tanqua tiara (Linstow, 1879) [Ctenocephalus; Redescription; Gibbons & Keymer 1991 p.7 as Blanchard 1904?] [=Ascaris tiara Linstow, 1879] SUBFAMILY Spiroxyinae Baylis & Lane, 1920 GENUS Spiroxys Schneider, 1866 [=Spiroxis Schneider, 1866] [misspelling] SPECIES Spiroxys algericus Hedrick, 1935 [host Clemmys leprosa] SPECIES Spiroxys amydae Cobb, 1929 SPECIES Spiroxys annulata Baylis & Daubney, 1922 SPECIES Spiroxys chelodinae Berry, 1985:60 [host Chelodina longicollis in Reptilia] SPECIES Spiroxys constricta Leidy, 1856 SPECIES Spiroxys contorta Rudolphi, 1819 [Description; Yildirimhan & Sahin 2005 p.58] SPECIES Spiroxys corti Caballero, 1935 SPECIES Spiroxys gangetica Baylis & Lane, 1920 SPECIES Spiroxys gedoelsti Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1937 [host Bitis arietans] SPECIES Spiroxys gubernae Chakravarty & Majumdar, 1959 SPECIES Spiroxys hanzaki Hasegawa, Miyata & Doi, 1998:831 [Honshu, Hyogo Prefecture, Kobe, Suma Aqualife Park, Host Andrias japonicus in Amphibia] SPECIES Spiroxys hectographi Rühm & Chararas, 1957 SPECIES Spiroxys japonica Morishita, 1926 SPECIES Spiroxys portesiana (Campana & Chabaud, 1950) [host Xerus rutilus] [=Spirura portesiana Campana & Chabaud, 1950] SPECIES Spiroxys procera [Trachemys scripta in Reptilia] SPECIES Spiroxys rothschildi (Seurat, 1915) [host Elephantulus derserti] [=Spirura rothschildi Seurat, 1915] SPECIES Spiroxys susanae Caballero, 1941 [Redescription; Cid del Prado Vera 1971 p.57] SPECIES Spiroxys torquata Karve, 1938 SPECIES Spiroxys triretrodens Caballero & Cerecero, 1943 [Redescription; Cid del Prado Vera 1971 p.65]