FAMILY Diplotriaenidae Skrjabin, 1916 [as subfam.; Anderson 1958] SUBFAMILY Dicheilonematinae Wehr, 1935 GENUS Dicheilonema Diesing, 1861 [=Contortospiculum Skrjabin, 1915:898] [type is horrida; syn. Baylis & Daubney 1926 p.203] SPECIES Dicheilonema americanum (Railliet, 1918):107 [North America; host Asio accipitrinus, flammeus] [=Contortospiculum americanum Railliet, 1918] SPECIES Dicheilonema ciconiae (Schrank, 1788) [Tadzhikistan; placed in Contortospiculum by Skrjabin 1915 p.899; host Ciconia alba, nigra] [=Filaria ciconiae Schrank, 1788] [=Filaria nigrae Rudlolphi, 1819] [as subspecies of ardeae; syn. Skrjabin 1915 p.899] SPECIES Dicheilonema cylindrica [Lanius ludovicianus in Aves] SPECIES Dicheilonema filiformis (Kreis, 1936):647 [host Rhea americana] [=Contortospiculum filiformis Kreis, 1936] SPECIES Dicheilonema fusiformis Molin, 1858 SPECIES Dicheilonema incertum (Sandground, 1933):542 [Indochina; host Bhringa remifer] [=Contortospiculum incertum Sandground, 1933] TYPE SPECIES Dicheilonema labiatum Creplin, 1825 [; syn. of ciconiae Skrjabin 1915 p.899 ?; host Ciconia nigra] SPECIES Dicheilonema nodulosum Rudolphi, 1820 [host Lanius collurio - Bird] SPECIES Dicheilonema rheae (Owen, 1843) [Description; Borgarenko, Dzhuraev & Galina 1982 p.89; host Rhea americana] [=Filaria rheae Owen, 1843] [=Filaria horrida Diesing, 1851] [syn. Yorke & Maplestone 1926 p.430] SPECIES Dicheilonema uncertenum Vuylsteke, 1953 [host Ceratophora cinerea] GENUS Hamatospiculum Skrjabin, 1916 [=Oceanifilaria Schmidt & Kuntz, 1970] [=Parhamatospiculum Skrjabin & Petrov, 1928] [=Tytofilaria Rodrigues & Franco, 1964] SPECIES Hamatospiculum accipitis Yamaguti, 1941 SPECIES Hamatospiculum cylindricum Zeder, 1803 SPECIES Hamatospiculum dubium Soota & Tripathi, 1978:105 [avian host] SPECIES Hamatospiculum insigne Schneider, 1866 SPECIES Hamatospiculum pauloi (Rodriguez & Franco, 1964) [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Tytofilaria pauloi Rodriguez & Franco, 1964] SPECIES Hamatospiculum quadridens Molin, 1858 SPECIES Hamatospiculum skrjabini Ramnivas, 1980:47 [host Vanellus malabaricus in Aves] SPECIES Hamatospiculum uncertenum (Vuylsteke, 1953) [host Ceratophora cinera; Dicheilonema not dup ?] [=Parhamatospiculum uncertenum Vuylsteke, 1953] SPECIES Hamatospiculum verrucosa (Schmidt & Kuntz, 1970) [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Oceanifilaria verrucosa Schmidt & Kuntz, 1970] GENUS Hastospiculum Skrjabin, 1923 [=Setarospiculum Mirza & Basir, 1939] SPECIES Hastospiculum bipinnatum Linstow, 1899 [host Psammosaurus griseus] SPECIES Hastospiculum bombayensis Deshmukh & Shamim, 1980 SPECIES Hastospiculum drysdaliae Jones, 1980:429 [reptilian host] SPECIES Hastospiculum gouldi Yorke & Maplestone [Varanus glebopalma in Reptilia] SPECIES Hastospiculum macrophallos Parona, 1889 SPECIES Hastospiculum onchocercum Chitwood, 1932 SPECIES Hastospiculum setiferum Chitwood, 1932 SPECIES Hastospiculum spiralis Bolette, 1998:366 [exact locality unknown, Host Varanus indicus in Reptilia] GENUS Heterospiculum Schigin, 1951 [=Heterospiculoides Schigin, 1957] SPECIES Heterospiculum skrjabini (Schigin, 1957) [syn. Anderson & Bain 1976] [=Heterospiculoides skrjabini Schigin, 1957] SPECIES Heterospiculum sobolevi Shigin, 1951 GENUS Monopetalonema Diesing, 1861 [type?] [=Menapetalonema Linstow, 1878] [misspelling] [=Menopetalonema Diesing, 1861] [misspelling] [=Ornithosetaria Sandground, 1933] [=Politospiculum Skrjabin, 1916] SPECIES Monopetalonema alcedinis Rudolphi, 1819 SPECIES Monopetalonema solitarium Caballero, 1948 SPECIES Monopetalonema upembanum (Vuylsteke, 1953) [host Megaceryle m. maxima] [=Politospiculum upembanum Vuylsteke, 1953] GENUS Petrovifilaria Sonin, 1961 SPECIES Petrovifilaria mongolica Petrov & Ivashkina, 1954 GENUS Serratospiculoides Sonin, 1968 SPECIES Serratospiculoides amaculata Wehr, 1938 GENUS Serratospiculum Skrjabin, 1915 SPECIES Serratospiculum chungi Hoeppli & Hsu, 1929 SPECIES Serratospiculum guttatum Schneider, 1866 SPECIES Serratospiculum helicinum [Anhinga anhinga (Bird)] SPECIES Serratospiculum seurati Bain & Mawson, 1981:276 [host Falco biarmicus in Aves] SPECIES Serratospiculum tendo Nitzsch, 1857 SPECIES Serratospiculum turkestanicum Skrjabin, 1915 SPECIES Serratospiculum verrucosum Molin, 1858 SUBFAMILY Diplotriaeninae Skrjabin, 1916 [Diagnostic; Dey Sarkar 1995 p.311] GENUS Chabaudiella Díaz-Ungría, 1963 TYPE SPECIES Chabaudiella cayennensis Díaz-Ungría, 1963 GENUS Diplotriaena Railliet & Henry in Henry & O'Zoux, 1909 [Diagnostic; Dey Sarkar 1995 p.311] [=Diplotriaenoides Walton, 1927] [=Triplotriaena Connal, 1912:232] [misspelling] SPECIES Diplotriaena abbreviata (Rudolphi, 1819):4 [host Motacilla stapazina] [=Filaria abbreviata Rudolphi, 1819] SPECIES Diplotriaena affinis Rudolphi, 1819 SPECIES Diplotriaena agelaius Walton, 1927 SPECIES Diplotriaena alaudae Zeder, 1803 SPECIES Diplotriaena americana Walton, 1927 SPECIES Diplotriaena andersoni Olsen & Braun, 1971 SPECIES Diplotriaena artemisiana Schmerling, 1925 SPECIES Diplotriaena attenuatoverrucosa Molin, 1958 SPECIES Diplotriaena bargusinica Skrjabin, 1917 SPECIES Diplotriaena beveridgei Bain & Mawson, 1981:278 [host Corvus orru in Aves] SPECIES Diplotriaena bhamoensis Parona, 1889 SPECIES Diplotriaena boulengeri Chabaud, 1955 [host Acrocephalus arundinaceus] SPECIES Diplotriaena buckleyi Fotedar & Kaw, 1965 [Redescription; Baratha Lakshmi & Hanumantha Rao 1988 p.95; Description; Gupta & Kumar 1979 p.113] SPECIES Diplotriaena conceptionis Caballero, 1948 SPECIES Diplotriaena corrugata Wehr, 1930 SPECIES Diplotriaena couturieri Dollfus, 1956 [=Diplotriaena lagopus Olsen & Braun, 1971] [syn. Wong, Anderson & Frimeth 1983 p.277] SPECIES Diplotriaena darnaudi Webster & Speckman, 1976 SPECIES Diplotriaena delirae Pinto & Noronha, 1970 [Redescription; Vicente, Pinto & Noronha 1983 p.96] SPECIES Diplotriaena dicturi Vuylsteke, 1953 [host Dicrurus a. adsimilis] SPECIES Diplotriaena doonensis Soota & Tripathi, 1978:103 [avian host] SPECIES Diplotriaena falconis Connal, 1912 [Yorke & Maplestone 1926; host Falco] SPECIES Diplotriaena graculi Maplestone, 1931 SPECIES Diplotriaena halcyoni Chabaud & Rousselot, 1956 [host Halcyon leucocephala pallidiventris] SPECIES Diplotriaena henryi Blanc, 1919 SPECIES Diplotriaena hepaticus [Aphelocoma coerulescens in Aves] [=Diplotriaenoides hepaticus] SPECIES Diplotriaena isabellina Koroliova, 1926 [Description; Lopez Caballero, Coy Otero & Cano Martil 1988 p.382] SPECIES Diplotriaena leilae Nagaty, 1943 [host Sturnus vulgaris] SPECIES Diplotriaena manipoli Chu, 1931 SPECIES Diplotriaena microphallos Li, 1933 SPECIES Diplotriaena minutus [Colinus virginianus in Aves] [=Diplotriaenoides minutus] SPECIES Diplotriaena mirzapurensis Soota & Chaturvedi, 1967 SPECIES Diplotriaena monticelliana Stossich, 1890 SPECIES Diplotriaena multituberculata [Aphelocoma coerulescens in Aves] SPECIES Diplotriaena muscisaxicolae Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1952 [Redescription; Anderson, Wong & Sherry 1980 p.1923] SPECIES Diplotriaena nagpurensis Karve, 1934 [Redescription; Gupta & Johri 1989 p.117; Description; Duggal & Solomon 1987 p.171] SPECIES Diplotriaena nipponensis Yamaguti, 1941 SPECIES Diplotriaena obtusa Rudolphi, 1802 TYPE SPECIES Diplotriaena ozouxi Railliet & Henry in Henry & O'Zoux, 1909 [ Redescription; Idris 1985 p.181] [=Diplotriaena ezzati] [syn. Idris 1985 p.181] SPECIES Diplotriaena pavlovskyi Strom, 1940 SPECIES Diplotriaena perdicis Sonin & Spassky, 1958 SPECIES Diplotriaena pungens Schneider, 1866 SPECIES Diplotriaena puriensis Dey Sarkar, 1995:311 [Chilka Lake, Satpara, Host Alauda gulgula in Aves] SPECIES Diplotriaena quangninhensis Phan, 1969 SPECIES Diplotriaena rovegliai Caballero, 1941 SPECIES Diplotriaena shikhobalovi Spasskaja, 1949 SPECIES Diplotriaena skrjabini Koroliowa, 1926 SPECIES Diplotriaena smithi Bain & Mawson, 1981:280 [host Anthochaera rufogularis in Aves] SPECIES Diplotriaena sokolowi Skrjabin, 1916:83 [host Halcyon senegaloides; Yorke and Maplestone 1926 ref?] SPECIES Diplotriaena spratti Bain & Mawson, 1981:277 [host Oreoica gutturalis in Aves] SPECIES Diplotriaena streptopelia Bilqees & Jehan, 1978:356 [avian host] SPECIES Diplotriaena sturni (Rudolphi, 1809) [syn. Chabaud & Mohammad 1988 p.374] [=Filaria sturni Rudolphi, 1809] SPECIES Diplotriaena sylvinae Pinto & Noronha, 1970 SPECIES Diplotriaena tangi Liu, 1987:229 [host Myiophoneus c. caeruleus in Aves] SPECIES Diplotriaena textori Vuylsteke, 1953 [host Textor x. xanthops] SPECIES Diplotriaena thomasi Siebert, 1944 SPECIES Diplotriaena tocki Vuylsteke, 1953 [host Tockus alboterminatus] SPECIES Diplotriaena tricuspis Fedtschenko, 1874 SPECIES Diplotriaena tridens Molin, 1858 SPECIES Diplotriaena utae Wong, Anderson & Frimeth, 1983:275 [host Perisoreus canadensis in Aves] SPECIES Diplotriaena visakhapatnamensis Bharatha-Lakshmi, Hanumantha-Rao & Shyamasundari, 1985:263 [host Dendrocitta vagabunda in Aves] SPECIES Diplotriaena zederi Magalhaes-Pinto, Vicente & Noronha, 1981:37 [host Xiphocolaptes albicollis albicollis in Aves] GENUS Quadriplotriaena Wehr, 1939 [=Quadriplotriaena Wehr, 1935] [nomen nudum; no type] TYPE SPECIES Quadriplotriaena dolichodemus Wehr, 1939 SPECIES Quadriplotriaena hypsokysta Crites, 1964 GENUS Spinodiplotriaena Kalyankar & Palladwar, 1989:185 [Type is S. urmilii] SPECIES Spinodiplotriaena urmilii Kalyankar & Palladwar, 1989:183 [host Acridotheres tristis in Aves] GENUS Versternema Bain, Chabaud & Burger, 1992:141 [Type is V. struthionis; placement?] SPECIES Versternema struthionis Bain, Chabaud & Burger, 1992:141 [host Struthio camelus in Aves]