FAMILY Cosmocercidae Railliet, 1916 [as subfamily; Travassos 1925 p.674 as family] SUBFAMILY Cosmocercinae Railliet, 1916 [=Austraplectaninae Baker, 1981:115] [=Oxysomatiinae] [misspelling ZR] [=Oxysomatinae Hall, 1916b] GENUS Aplectana Railliet & Henry, 1916 [rev. Baker 1981] [=Aplecta Railliet & Henry, 1916] [praeocc. Guen. 1837] [=Aplecturis Skrjabin, Schikhobalova & Mozgovoi, 1951] [syn. Baker 1981 p.956] [=Freitasoxyascaris Gomes & Motta, 1967:92] [syn. Baker 1981 p.956; Correa Gomes & da Silva Motta] [=Neorailietnema Ballesteros Márquez, 1945] [syn. Chabaud 1978 p.1; type is Oxyuris preputialis Skrjabin 1916] [=Neoraillietnema] [misspelling] [=Neoxysomatoides Yamaguti, 1961] [type is Aplectana mexicana (Caballero 1933)] [=Neyraplectana Ballesteros Márquez, 1945] [syn. Chabaud 1978 p.2; 1955?] [=Stewartia Rao, 1977] [syn. of Aplectana by Baker 1981 p.956; 1989 p. 61 ?; type is macintoshi; syn. Rao 1989 p.61] SPECIES Aplectana acuminata Schrank, 1788 [Redescription; Baker 1981 p.957] [=Aplectana caucasica Sharpilo, 1978:82] [reptilian host; syn. Baker 1981 p.957] [=Spinicauda mathevossianae Skarbilovich, 1950] [syn. Baker & Bain 1981 p.142] [= multipapillosum Ivanitzky, 1940] [syn. Baker 1981 p.957] [=Oxysomatium srinagarensis Fotedar, 1960] [syn. Baker 1981 p.957; Subbarao & Naidu 1986 p.325 as valid] SPECIES Aplectana agubernaculum Gupta, 1960 SPECIES Aplectana albae Adamson & Baccam, 1988:1860 [host Amphisbaena alba in Reptilia] SPECIES Aplectana anurae (Biswas & Chakravarty, 1963) [syn. Subbarao & Naidu 1986 p.325] [=Oxysomatium anurae Biswas & Chakravarty, 1963] SPECIES Aplectana artigasi Puga & Torres, 1997:767 [Isla Grande de Chiloe, Yaldad, Host Eupsophus calcaratus in Amphibia] SPECIES Aplectana asiatica Gupta, 1960 SPECIES Aplectana brumpti Travassos, 1931 [Redescription; Baker 1981 p.961] [= corti Lopez-Neyra, 1947] [syn. Baker 1981 p.961] [=Aplectana ivanitskyi Markov, Khonyakina & Grigor'eva, 1972] [syn. Baker 1981 p.961] [= miranda Ivanitsky, 1940] [syn. Baker 1981 p.961] SPECIES Aplectana brygooi Baker, 1981:965 [host Mantella betsileo in Amphibia] SPECIES Aplectana capensis Baker, 1981:28 [host Breviceps montanus in Amphibia; Diagnostic; Baker & Green 1988 p.709] SPECIES Aplectana chabaudi (Rao, 1989):67 [host Bufo melanostictus in Amphibia] [=Stewartia chabaudi Rao, 1989] SPECIES Aplectana chamaeleonis Baylis, 1926 [Redescription; Baker 1981 p.966; host Chamaeleo fischeri matschiei, Astylosternus robustus] SPECIES Aplectana chilensis Lent & Freitas, 1948 SPECIES Aplectana congolense Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1937 [Phrynobactrachus graneri] SPECIES Aplectana crossodactyli Baker, 1981:987 [nomen nova] [=Aplectana travassosi Gomes & Motta, 1976] [Redescription; Dyer 1990 p.639; praeocc.] SPECIES Aplectana crucifer Travassos, 1925 SPECIES Aplectana cubana [host Eleutherodactylus acmonis in Reptilia] SPECIES Aplectana degraaffi Baker, 1981:25 [host Breviceps sylvestris in Amphibia] SPECIES Aplectana delirae (de Fabio, 1971) [syn. Baker 1981 p.987] [=Neyraplectana delirae de Fabio, 1971] SPECIES Aplectana dogieli Skrjabin, 1916 [host Bufonidae] SPECIES Aplectana elenae Baker & Vaucher, 1986:611 [host Leptodactylus elenae in Amphibia] SPECIES Aplectana hamatospicula [host Eleutherodactylus albipes in Reptilia] SPECIES Aplectana herediaensis Bursey, Goldberg & Telford, 2006:165 [Costa Rica; Parasite of Lepidophyma flavimaculatum (Reptilia)] SPECIES Aplectana hoffmani Bravo, 1943 SPECIES Aplectana hylae Wang, 1980:242 [host Hyla chinensis in Amphibia, English p. 251] SPECIES Aplectana hylambatis Baylis, 1927 [Redescription; Baker 1981 p.969; Travassos 1931 ?; host Leptopelis aubryi] [=Oxysomatium bonariensis Gutierrez, 1945] [syn. Baker & Vaucher 1986 p.608] [=Aplectana pudenda Masi-Pallares & Maciel, 1974] [syn. Baker & Vaucher 1986 p.608] SPECIES Aplectana incerta Caballero, 1949 [Redescription; Baker 1985 p.275] SPECIES Aplectana itzocanensis Bravo Hollis, 1943 [Redescription; Baker 1985 p.272; syn. of brumpti Baker 1981 p.961] SPECIES Aplectana leesi Hristovski & Riggio, 1975 [Redescription; Baker 1981 p.972] SPECIES Aplectana linstowi Yorke & Maplestone, 1926 [Redescription; Baker 1981 p.974] [= kutassi Ivanitzky, 1940] [syn. Baker 1981 p.974] SPECIES Aplectana lopesi Silva, 1954 SPECIES Aplectana macintoshi (Stewart, 1914) [Redescription; Moravec, Barus & Rysavy 1987 p.261; syn. Rao 1989 p.61] [=Oxysoma macintoshi Stewart, 1914] [=Oxysomatium brevispiculum Yuen, 1965] [syn. Baker 1981 p.977] [= punctata Walton, 1933] [syn. Baker 1981 p.977] [=Neoraillietnema ranae Wang, 1980:244] [China; syn. Baker & Vaucher 1986; host Rana tigrina rugulosa in Amphibia, English p. 251] [=Neyraplectana ranae Wang, Zhao & Chen, 1978] [syn. Baker & Vaucher 1986] [= schneideri Travassos, 1931] [syn. Baker 1981 p.977] [=Aplectana stromi Travassos, 1931] [syn. Baker 1981 p.977] [=Aplectana varelai Rodrigues, Rodrigues & Cristofaro, 1972] [syn. Baker 1981 p.977] SPECIES Aplectana mauritanica Lopez-Neyra, 1947 [=Neyraplectana mauritanicus Lopez-Neyra, 1947] SPECIES Aplectana membranosa Schneider, 1866 SPECIES Aplectana mexicana Caballero, 1933 SPECIES Aplectana micropenis Travassos, 1925 SPECIES Aplectana minutum (Rasheed, 1965) [syn. Subbarao & Naidu 1986 p.325; syn. of macintoshii by Baker 1981 p.977] [=Oxysomatium minutum Rasheed, 1965] SPECIES Aplectana multipapillata (Geetanjali, Malhotra, Fatima & Yadav, 2002):58 [Parasite of Rana tigrina in Amphibia] [=Neyraplectana multipapillata Geetanjali, Malhotra, Fatima & Yadav, 2002] SPECIES Aplectana novaezelandiae Baker & Green, 1988:707 [host Leiopelma hochstetteri in Amphibia] SPECIES Aplectana papillifera (Araujo, 1978):260 [reptilian host; syn. Baker 1981 p.989] [=Neyraplectana papillifera Araujo, 1978] SPECIES Aplectana paraelenae Baker & Vaucher, 1986:613 [host Leptodactylus elenae in Amphibia] SPECIES Aplectana paucipapillosa Wang, 1980:244 [host Rana spinosa in Amphibia, English p. 251] SPECIES Aplectana perezi Gendre, 1911 [host Chamaeleon gracilis] SPECIES Aplectana pintoi Travassos, 1925 SPECIES Aplectana preputialis (Skrjabin, 1916) [=Oxyuris preputialis Skrjabin, 1916] SPECIES Aplectana pusilla Miranda, 1924 SPECIES Aplectana ranae (Walton, 1931) [syn. Baker 1981 p.985] [=Oxysomatium ranae Walton, 1931] SPECIES Aplectana schneideri Travassos, 1931 [Diagnostic; Grabda Kazubska 1986 p.7] SPECIES Aplectana stomatici (Biswas & Chakravarty, 1963) [syn. Subbarao & Naidu 1986 p.325] [=Oxysomatium stomatici Biswas & Chakravarty, 1963] SPECIES Aplectana travassosi Vicente & Santos, 1970 SPECIES Aplectana vellardi Travassos, 1926 SPECIES Aplectana zweifeli Moravec & Sey, 1986:344 [host Asterophrys humicola in Amphibia] GENUS Austraplectana Baker, 1981:116 TYPE SPECIES Austraplectana kartanum (Johnston & Mawson, 1941) [=Raillietnema kartanum Johnston & Mawson, 1941] GENUS Blanusia Zapatero, Castano Fernández, Lopez Martinez & Martin Rueda, 1991:282 [Type is B. pseudorhabditis] SPECIES Blanusia pseudorhabditis Zapatero, Castano-Fernández, Lopez-Martinez & Martin-Rueda, 1991:282 [host Blanus cinereus in Reptilia] GENUS Cosmocerca Diesing, 1861 [=Ananconus Railliet & Henry, 1916] [type is commutatus?] [=Cosmocera] [misspelling] [=Nematoxis Drasche, 1883:120] [misspelling] [=Nematoxys Schneider, 1866] [type is ornatus] [=Paracosmocerca Kung & Wu, 1945:76] [syn. Chabaud 1978 p.1] SPECIES Cosmocerca americana [Diagnostic; Baker & Green 1988 p.709] SPECIES Cosmocerca archeyi Baker & Green, 1988:710 [host Leiopelma archeyi in Amphibia] SPECIES Cosmocerca australiensis Johnston & Simpson, 1943:176 [Australia; host Limnodynastes dorsalis] SPECIES Cosmocerca australis Baker & Green, 1988:709 [host Leiopelma hochstetteri in Amphibia] SPECIES Cosmocerca banyulensis Chabaud & Campana-Rouget, 1955:83 [France; host Rana ridibunda] SPECIES Cosmocerca brasiliense Travassos, 1925:674 [host Hylodes miliaris] SPECIES Cosmocerca chilensis Lent & Freitas, 1948:16 [Chile; host Rhinoderma darwini] SPECIES Cosmocerca commutata (Diesing, 1851) [Grenada; host Rana esculenta] [=Ascaris commutata Diesing, 1851] [=Oxyuris ornata Weinland, 1859] SPECIES Cosmocerca cruzi Rodrigues & Fabio, 1970 SPECIES Cosmocerca freitasi Silva, 1954 [Brazil; Jorge da Silva; host Hyla fuscovaria] SPECIES Cosmocerca indica (Gupta & Duggal, 1980):159 [praeocc.; amphibian host] [=Paracosmocerca indica Gupta & Duggal, 1980] SPECIES Cosmocerca japonica Yamaguti, 1938:605 [Japan; Redescription; Moravec & Sey 1985 p.66] [=Paracosmocerca mucronata Kung & Wu, 1945] [syn. Moravec & Sey 1985 p.66; syn. of ornata by Baker & Vaucher 1984 p.928] SPECIES Cosmocerca kashmirensis Fotedar, 1959:161 [Kashmir; host Bufo viridis] SPECIES Cosmocerca limnodynastes Johnston & Simpson, 1943:174 [South Australia; host Limnodynastes dorsalis] SPECIES Cosmocerca longicauda (Linstow, 1885) [Europe; host Triton cristatus] [=Nematoxys longicauda Linstow, 1885] SPECIES Cosmocerca longispicula Moravec & Kaiser, 1994:29 [host Colostethus in Amphibia] SPECIES Cosmocerca microhylae (Wang, Zhao & Chen, 1978) [=Paracosmocerca microhylae Wang, Zhao & Chen, 1978] SPECIES Cosmocerca minuscula Travassos, 1931:75 [Europe; host Rana temporaria = R.platyrrhinus] SPECIES Cosmocerca novaeguineae Moravec & Sey, 1990:270 [host Platymantis papuensis in Amphibia] SPECIES Cosmocerca ornata Dujardin, 1845 [Diesing 1861a; Redescription; Moravec, Barus & Rysavy 1987 p.259] [=Cosmocerca indica Nama & Khichi, 1973] [syn. Baker & Vaucher 1984 p.928] [=Cosmocerca macrogubernaculum Rao, 1979:26] [amphibian host; syn. Baker & Vaucher 1984 p.928] [=Cosmocercella polissensis Maguza, 1972] [syn. Baker & Crusz 1980 p.721; Baker & Vaucher 1984 p.928] [=Paracosmocerca spinocerca Rao, 1979:23] [amphibian host; syn. Baker & Vaucher 1984 p.928; Martinez & Maggenti 1989 p.102 ?] SPECIES Cosmocerca paraguayensis Moravec & Kaiser, 1994:29 [nomen nova] [=Cosmocera uruguayensis Moravec & Barus, 1990:180] [Paraguay; praeocc. Lent & Freitas 1948; host Leptodactylus - Amphibia] SPECIES Cosmocerca parva Travassos, 1925:674 [Brazil; host Elosia nasus; Redescription; Martinez & Maggenti 1989 p.101; Mordeglia & Digiani 1998 p.737] SPECIES Cosmocerca paucipectini (Wang in Wang, Wang, Zhao, Yian & Wang, 1992):33 [host Rana adenopleura in Amphibia, English p. 48] [=Paracosmocerca paucipectini Wang in Wang, Wang, Zhao, Yian & Wang, 1992] SPECIES Cosmocerca piscicola (Linstow, 1907) [in subgenus Nematoxys; host Distichodus; dup in Spironoura?] [=Nematoxynema piscicola Linstow, 1907] SPECIES Cosmocerca podicipinus Baker & Vaucher, 1984:931 [host Leptodactylus podicipinus in Amphibia] [=Cosmocerca panamaensis Martinez & Maggenti, 1989:98] [host Dendrobates pumilio in Amphibia; syn. Bursey & Goldberg 2005 p.605] SPECIES Cosmocerca pulcherima Ivanitskii, 1940:142 [Ukraine; host Bufo viridis; pulcherrima ?] SPECIES Cosmocerca pulchrae (Wang, Zhao & Chen, 1978) [=Paracosmocerca pulchrae Wang, Zhao & Chen, 1978] SPECIES Cosmocerca ranae [Rana in Reptilia] SPECIES Cosmocerca rara Freitas & Vicente, 1966 SPECIES Cosmocerca sardiniae Ricci, 1988:12 [host Hydromantoides (Speleomantes) supramontis in Amphibia] SPECIES Cosmocerca timofejevoi Skarbilovitsch, 1950:113 [USSR; host Rana] SPECIES Cosmocerca travassosi Rodrigues & Fabio, 1970 SPECIES Cosmocerca trispinosa Railliet & Henry, 1916 [Europe; host Triturus alpestis] SPECIES Cosmocerca tyleri Bursey, Goldberg & Kraus, 2006:214 [Papua New Guinea; Parasite of Genyophryne thomsoni (Amphibia)] SPECIES Cosmocerca uruguayensis Lent & Freitas, 1948:3 [Diagnostic; Baker & Green 1988 p.709; host Ceratophrys americana] SPECIES Cosmocerca vrcibradici Bursey & Goldberg, 2004:140 [Parasite of Prionodactylus eigenmanni in Reptilia] SPECIES Cosmocerca zugi Bursey, Goldberg & Kraus, 2005:884 [Parasite of Cyrtodactylus louisiadensis in Reptilia] GENUS Cosmocercella Steiner, 1924:22 [redefined Baker & Adamson 1977] TYPE SPECIES Cosmocercella haberi Steiner, 1924 [Georgia; host Hyla carolinensis] SPECIES Cosmocercella iwatsukii Hasegawa, 1989:20 [host Rhacophorus viridis viridis in Amphibia] SPECIES Cosmocercella minor Freitas & Dobbin, 1961 [Redescription; Baker & Vaucher 1983 p.326] SPECIES Cosmocercella multipapillata Khera, 1958 SPECIES Cosmocercella neveri Hsu & Hoeppli, 1933:155 [host Rana spinosa] SPECIES Cosmocercella oligodontis Wang, 1981 SPECIES Cosmocercella phrynomantisi Moravec, 1990:44 [host Asterophrys humicola in Amphibia] SPECIES Cosmocercella phyllomedusae Baker & Vaucher, 1983:328 [host Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis in Amphibia] SPECIES Cosmocercella pulchra Wilkie, 1930 SPECIES Cosmocercella uropeltidarum (Crusz & Ching, 1975) [syn. Baker & Crusz 1980 p.719] [=Aplectana uropeltidarum Crusz & Ching, 1975] GENUS Cosmocercoides Wilkie, 1930:607 [=Trionchonema Kreis, 1932] [syn. Chitwood 1933 p.243] SPECIES Cosmocercoides barodensis Rao, 1979:31 [amphibian host] SPECIES Cosmocercoides bufonis Karve, 1944:74 [India; host Bufo himalayanum] SPECIES Cosmocercoides dukae (Holl, 1928):185 [North Carolina; Travassos 1931; host Triturus viridescens] [=Cosmocerca dukae Holl, 1928] [=Aplectana americana Walton, 1929] [syn. Baker 1981 p.992] [=Oxysomatium georgianun Reiber, Byrd & Parker, 1940] [syn. Baker 1980 p.717] [=Aplectana lynae Kennedy, 1977] [syn. Baker 1981 p.992] SPECIES Cosmocercoides fotedari Arya, 1992:139 [host Rana cyanophlyctis in Amphibia] SPECIES Cosmocercoides kumaoni Arya, 1992:141 [host Rana cyanophlyctis in Amphibia] SPECIES Cosmocercoides lanceolatus Rao, 1979:29 [amphibian host] SPECIES Cosmocercoides multipapillata Khera, 1958:6 [India; host Bufo melanostictus] SPECIES Cosmocercoides nainitalensis Arya, 1979:823 [amphibian host] TYPE SPECIES Cosmocercoides pulcher Wilkie, 1930:608 [China; host Rana japonica] SPECIES Cosmocercoides rickae Ogden, 1966 SPECIES Cosmocercoides rusticum (Kreis, 1932) [placed Chitwood 1933 p.243] [=Trichonema rusticum Kreis, 1932] SPECIES Cosmocercoides skrjabini (Ivanitskii, 1940):143 [Ukraine; host Bufo temporaria; Iwanitzky; placed Skrjabin, SHikhobalova & Mozgovof 1951 p.152] [=Cosmocerca skrjabini Ivanitskii, 1940] SPECIES Cosmocercoides speleomantis Ricci, 1988:12 [host Hydromantoides (Speleomantes) lavus in Amphibia] SPECIES Cosmocercoides tibetanum Baylis, 1927 [syn. Baker 1980 p.717] SPECIES Cosmocercoides tridens Wilkie, 1930:610 [Japan; Redescription; Hasegawa 1989 p.1189; host Tilototriton andersoni] SPECIES Cosmocercoides variabilis (Harwood, 1930) [Travassos 1931; not syn. of dukae by Vanderburgh & Anderson 1987 p.1658] [=Cosmocerca variabilis Harwood, 1930] GENUS Dentinema Moravec, Chara & Shinn, 2004:189 [Type is Dentinema trichomycteri] SPECIES Dentinema trichomycteri Moravec, Chara & Shinn, 2004:190 [Parasite of Trichomycterus in Pisces] GENUS Ibrahimia Khalil, 1932 [placed Adamson & Baccam 1988 p.1864; was in Atractidae] GENUS Maracaya Díaz-Ungría, 1964 [placed Adamson & Baccam 1988 p.1864; was in Atractidae] SPECIES Maracaya africana Bouamer & Morand, 2006:346 [Congo Kinshasa; Parasite of Chamaeleo inturensis (Reptilia)] SPECIES Maracaya belemensis Adamson & Baccam, 1988:1857 [host Amphisbaena alba in Reptilia] SPECIES Maracaya graciai Díaz-Ungría, 1969 SPECIES Maracaya pusilla (Miranda, 1924) [syn. Adamson & Baccam 1988 p.1860] [=Aplectana pusilla Miranda, 1924] GENUS Nemhelix Morand & Petter, 1986:2011 [Type is N. bakeri] [=Namhelix] [misspelling?] SPECIES Nemhelix bakeri Morand & Petter, 1986:2008 [host Helix aspersa (Mollusca)] SPECIES Nemhelix lamottei Morand, 1990:564 [host Cepaea nemoralis (Mollusca)] SPECIES Nemhelix ludesensis Morand, 1990:567 [host Cepaea hortensis (Mollusca)] GENUS Neocosmocercella Baker & Vaucher, 1983:331 SPECIES Neocosmocercella paraguayensis Baker & Vaucher, 1983:331 [host Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis in Amphibia] GENUS Neoprotozoophaga Biswas & Chakravarty, 1963:418 SPECIES Neoprotozoophaga bufonis Biswas & Chakravarty, 1963 SPECIES Neoprotozoophaga natrixi Biswas & Chakravarty, 1963 GENUS Neosomatiana Anwar-ul-Islam, Farooq & Khanum, 1979:69 SPECIES Neosomatiana akrami Anwar-ul-Islam, Farooq & Khanum, 1979:70 [amphibian host] GENUS Neoxysomatium Ballesteros-Márquez, 1945 [sensu Hartwich; syn. of Oxysomatium by Baker 1980 p.708] SPECIES Neoxysomatium brevicaudatum Zeder, 1800 SPECIES Neoxysomatium caucasicum [Anguis fragilis (Reptile)] SPECIES Neoxysomatium contorta [Bufo regularis (Reptile)] SPECIES Neoxysomatium macintoshii Stewart, 1914 [syn. Gupta & Duggal 1987 p.1] SPECIES Neoxysomatium ranae Khanum & Farooq, 1989 SPECIES Neoxysomatium ranae Khanum & Farooq, 1988:161 [host Rana cyanophylctis in Amphibia] SPECIES Neoxysomatium sindhensis Khanum & Farooq, 1988:163 [host Rana cyanophylctis in Amphibia] GENUS Oxysomatium Railliet & Henry, 1916 [1913?] [=Oxisoma Condorelli-Francaviglia, 1899:129] [misspelling] [=Oxysoma Schneider, 1866] [praeocc. Gervais 1849] [=Ozysoma Condorelli-Francaviglia, 1899:179] [misspelling] SPECIES Oxysomatium acuminatum Schrank, 1788 SPECIES Oxysomatium americana Walton, 1929 SPECIES Oxysomatium bareilliana Gupta, Chandra & Shalaby, 2004:24 [Uttar Pradesh; Parasite of Bufo melanostictus (Amphibia)] SPECIES Oxysomatium baylisi Walton, 1933 SPECIES Oxysomatium brevicaudatum Zeder, 1800 [Redescription; Baker 1980 p.709] SPECIES Oxysomatium dollfusi Baker, 1980:714 [amphibian host] SPECIES Oxysomatium itzocanensis Bravo, 1943 SPECIES Oxysomatium longespiculum Railliet & Henry, 1916 [Diagnostic; Subbarao & Naidu 1986 p.325] SPECIES Oxysomatium longicauda [Plethodon (Reptile)] SPECIES Oxysomatium longicaudata Walton, 1929 SPECIES Oxysomatium macintoshii Stewart, 1914 SPECIES Oxysomatium mehdii Ilyas, 1980:77 [amphibian host] SPECIES Oxysomatium sainathai Subbarao & Naidu, 1983:130 [host Rana cyanophlyctis in Amphibia] SPECIES Oxysomatium thakarei Subbarao & Naidu, 1983:130 [host Bufo melanostictus in Amphibia] SPECIES Oxysomatium variabilis Harwood, 1930 GENUS Paradollfusnema Baker, 1982:2401 [nomen nova] [=Dollfusnema Baker, 1981:138] [praeocc. Dollfusnema Caballero 1974] SPECIES Paradollfusnema telfordi Bursey, 2002:554 [Parasite of Rhineura floridana in Reptilia] GENUS Paraleptonema Wang, 1980 SPECIES Paraleptonema ranae Wang, 1980:246 [host Rana spinosa in Amphibia, English p. 251] GENUS Paraplectana Ryzhikov, Sharpilo & Shevchenko, 1980 [syn. of Aplectana by Baker 1987] GENUS Parasomatium Anwar ul Islam, Farooq & Khanum, 1979 SPECIES Parasomatium ishaqi Anwar-ul-Islam, Farooq & Khanum, 1979:72 [amphibian host] GENUS Pseudaplectana Yamaguti, 1961:98 [Meteterakis?] TYPE SPECIES Pseudaplectana papillocauda (Walton, 1940) [ incertae sedis] [=Oxyuris papillocauda Walton, 1940] GENUS Raillietnema Travassos, 1927 [Diagnostic; Bursey, Goldberg, Salgado Maldonado & Mendez de la Cruz 1998 p.166] SPECIES Raillietnema baylisi Walton, 1933 [syn. Baker 1980 p.717; see Oxysomatium] SPECIES Raillietnema brachyspiculatum Bursey, Goldberg, Salgado-Maldonado & Mendez-de la-Cruz, 1998:164 [Veracruz, Los Tuxtlas, Host Lepidophyma tuxtlae in Reptilia] SPECIES Raillietnema chamaeleo Fitzsimmons, 1961 [host Cameleo melleri] SPECIES Raillietnema gubernaculatum Freitas & Ibanez, 1965 SPECIES Raillietnema kartanum Johnston & Mawson, 1941 [Redescription; Baker 1981 p.116] SPECIES Raillietnema kinixys Fitzsimmons, 1964 [host Kinixys belliana] SPECIES Raillietnema kritscheri Moravec, Salgado-Maldonado & Pineda-Lopez, 1993:36 [host Cichlasoma pearsei in Pisces] SPECIES Raillietnema longicaudata (Walton, 1929) [syn. Baker 1985 p.76; Redescription; Baker 1985 p.76] [=Aplectana longicaudata Walton, 1929] SPECIES Raillietnema loveridgei Sandground, 1928 [host Bdellophis vittatus] SPECIES Raillietnema lynchi Bursey & Goldberg, 2006:193 [Costa Rica; Parasite of Rana vibicaria (Amphibia)] SPECIES Raillietnema minor Freitas & Dobbin, 1961 SPECIES Raillietnema multipapillatum Walton, 1940 [host Scolecomorphus uluguruensis] SPECIES Raillietnema nanus Bursey, Goldberg & Kraus, 2006:1027 [Papua New Guinea; Parasite of Carlia mysi (Reptilia)] SPECIES Raillietnema rhacophori Yuen, 1965 SPECIES Raillietnema simples Travassos, 1925 SPECIES Raillietnema spectans Gomes, 1964 [Redescription; Baker 1982 p.2395] SPECIES Raillietnema synodontisi Vassiliades, 1973 SPECIES Raillietnema uzbekistanica Ikramov & Azimov, 2003:513 [Parasite of Testudo horsfieldi in Reptilia, in Russian] GENUS Schrankiana Strand, 1942 [placed Adamson & Baccam 1988 p.1864; was in Atractidae] [=Schrankia Travassos, 1925] [praeocc.] [=Schrankianella Freitas, 1959:25] [syn. Baker & Vaucher 1988 p.427; Adamson & Baccam 1988 p.1864] [=Schrankiella] [misspelling Neave] [=Schranknema Travassos, 1949] [=Shrankiana] [misspelling in ZR] SPECIES Schrankiana brasili Travassos, 1927 [Redescription; Baker & Vaucher 1988 p.427] SPECIES Schrankiana formosula Freitas, 1959 [Redescription; Baker & Vaucher 1988 p.423] SPECIES Schrankiana freitasi Baker, 1982:2397 [host Leptodactylus pentadactylus in Amphibia] SPECIES Schrankiana fuscus Baker & Vaucher, 1988:429 [host Leptodactylus fuscus in Amphibia] SPECIES Schrankiana inconspicata Freitas, 1959 [Redescription; Baker & Vaucher 1988 p.425] SPECIES Schrankiana larvata Vaz, 1933 [Redescription; Baker & Vaucher 1988 p.424] SPECIES Schrankiana schranki Travassos, 1925 SUBFAMILY Maxvachoniinae Chabaud & Brygoo, 1960 GENUS Maxvachonia Chabaud & Brygoo, 1960 [=Austracerca Inglis, 1968] [syn. Mawson 1972] SPECIES Maxvachonia adamsoni Moravec & Sey, 1990:276 [host Litoria infrafrenata in Amphibia] SPECIES Maxvachonia brygooi Mawson, 1972 [Description; Jones 1986 p.691] SPECIES Maxvachonia chabaudi Mawson, 1972 SPECIES Maxvachonia dimorpha Chabaud & Brygoo, 1960 SPECIES Maxvachonia ewersi Mawson, 1972 SPECIES Maxvachonia flindersi Johnston & Mawson, 1941 GENUS Typhlonema Kreis, 1938:332 SPECIES Typhlonema solmonis Kreis, 1938 [Solomon Islands; host Gekko vittatus]